<p>The former Reidsville High School, also known as Reidsville Junior High School and Reidsville Middle School, is a historic school building located at Reidsville, Rockingham County, North Carolina. It was designed by noted architect Willard C. Northup and built in 1923. It is a three-story, "L"-shaped, brick building with a combination of</p><br>
<p>Colonial and Classical Revival stylistic features. A matching one-bay addition was built in 1941. It features a two-story tetrastyle portico of Tuscan order columns and terra cotta trim. It ceased use as a high school in 1960, with the construction of Reidsville High School and the building closed permanently as a school in 1980.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Reidsville Historic District is a national historic district located at Reidsville, Rockingham County, North Carolina. It encompasses 324 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, 11 contributing structures, and 1 contributing object in the central business district and surrounding residential sections of Reidsville. It was developed between about 1865 and 1941, and includes notable examples of Italianate, Queen Anne, American Craftsman, and Classical Revival style architecture. Located in the district are the separately listed Penn House and Gov. David S. Reid House. Other notable buildings include the Oaks-Motley House , Colonel A. J. Boyd House , Reid Block , Citizens&#39; Bank Building, William Lindsey and company Tobacco Factory, First Baptist Church, Main Street Methodist Church, Melrose  designed by architect Richard Gambier, R. L. Watt house designed by Willard C. Northup, First Presbyterian Church , St. Thomas Episcopal Church, Grand Theatre, Belvedere Hotel, United States Post Office and Federal Building, and the Municipal Building .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The George B. Dryden House is a historic house located at 1314 Ridge Avenue in Evanston, Illinois. The house was built in 1916 for George B. and Ellen A. Dryden. George was a successful Chicago businessman, while Ellen was the heiress of George Eastman; together, the couple was worth over $9 million. Architect George W. Maher designed the Georgian Revival house. While Maher was better known as a Prairie School architect, the Drydens requested a Georgian design inspired by Ellens memories of Eastmans home. The three-story house features an entrance portico supported by four Corinthian columns and topped by a pediment. The house is faced with brick and features quoins at the corners and keystones above the windows. A wooden frieze and cornice run below the base of the roof, which begins below the third floor and features several projecting dormers.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 18, 1978.</p><br>
<p>Lamb Island Pioneer Hall is a heritage-listed former house and now community hall at Lucas Drive, Lamb Island, City of Redland, Queensland, Australia. It was built from to 1930s. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 April 1995.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Pioneer Hall was erected reputedly in 1924, as a farmhouse for Cecil Hine of Lamb Island.</p><br>
<p>Ngudooroo, or Lamb Island as it was later known, was one of a group of islands in Moreton Bay which included Macleay, Russell and Karragarra Islands, located southeast of Cleveland and east of Redland Bay. The four islands appear to have been surveyed during the late 1860s and early 1870s, and portions of land on the islands were auctioned from this time.</p><br>
<p>The whole of Ngudooroo was acquired by John Harris in 1871. John and his brother George had a shipping and importing business in Brisbane from the late 1850s to the 1870s. J & G Harris also acquired land on the southern end of Macleay Island which they subsequently advertised for sale in 1871 as a Valuable Freehold Sugar Estate. The Harris brothers firm was declared insolvent in 1878, and Johns land on Lamb Island was transferred to Arthur Biddle, then to Joseph Darragh, and John Cameron, the Brisbane auctioneer. Cameron sold the land in 1886, and subdivision of the island commenced the following year. The land changed hands a number of times before it was acquired by Hine in 1919.</p><br>
<p>Locally, it is understood that Hine arrived at Lamb Island in the mid 1910s, and married Amelia Cox in 1923. By the mid 1920s, Hine&#39;s farm was one of approximately five farms on the island. Lamb and the neighbouring islands are recorded as producing fruit crops such as pineapples and bananas by the twentieth century. Oyster gathering was also carried out on the islands.</p><br>
<p>Hine extended his farmhouse reputedly in the mid 1930s, and sold the property in 1956. The property came under the control of the Redland Shire Council in 1974. In 1976 a meeting was held in the "old farmhouse" to re-form the Lamb Island Progress Association. The farmhouse, by then in a deteriorated condition, was repaired by the community in 1977 and became known as Pioneer Hall. The official opening of Pioneer Hall was held in May 1978. The Hall continues to be used extensively as a venue for community functions and groups, and is understood to be one of few extant early twentieth century farmhouse buildings on the island.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Lamb Island Pioneer Hall is a modest timber cottage located at the end of Lucas Drive on the easterly side of Lamb Island. It is sited on the edge of a hill that slopes down towards Moreton Bay, overlooking treed recreation grounds. The building has a gabled corrugated iron roof over a simple rectangular structure resting on timber stumps, and has verandahs with skillion roofs to the west and east (the latter is now enclosed). The building is entered via central stairs to the western verandah, and the eastern verandah commands views of the Bay.</p><br>
<p>The building is clad for the most part in weatherboard, excepting a chamferboard section to the western (front) verandah. It has a corrugated iron watertank and former stove recess to the north-west corner, and timber stairs at each end of the eastern verandah.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the Lamb Island Pioneer Hall comprises four rooms: a kitchen and library to the eastern side and a larger meeting/recreation room (formerly two rooms) adjoining an enclosed verandah to the western side. The walls and ceilings are lined with vertically jointed timber boards, and some rooms have exposed internal framing.</p><br>
<p>The hall contains pictures and artefacts that relate to its history, including: a painted timber sign that reads FARM HOME of Mr & Mrs C.A. HINE BUILT in 1924, photographs of the building and its users, and paintings of the building by local residents.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Lamb Island Pioneer Hall was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 April 1995 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>As one of few surviving farmhouses on Lamb Island, Pioneer Hall also maintains an association with the development of farming on the island (originally Ngudooroo) from the 1870s.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>Lamb Island Pioneer Hall, erected as a farmhouse, represents a focal point for communal activities on the Island, and maintains a special association with the Lamb Island community.</p><br>
<p>The Industrial ruins are a heritage-listed archaeological site at Cliff Terrace, Macleay Island, City of Redland, Queensland, Australia. It was built from to. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 April 1998.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Industrial Ruins appear to be associated with the 1869 establishment of a sugar mill, possibly in conjunction with a salt works, on the island. Although no early description of the mill and salt works has been found, documentary evidence reveals that a sugar mill was erected on the island in 1869, that both a sugar mill and a salt works were extant on the southern half of Macleay Island in 1871, but that possibly neither were operating by 1874. The surviving Cornish boiler in its stone fire-box is likely to date to the 1860s-1870s, Cornish boilers generally being superseded in Queensland by the 1880s. This re-inforces the hypothesis that the ruins are associated with sugar manufacture/salt production on the island in the late 1860s/early 1870s.</p><br>
<p>At this period, sugar cultivation and manufacture in Queensland was still experimental. In the late 1860s the principal sugar-growing area extended from Tingalpa and Cleveland south to the Redland Bay, Logan and Albert districts. The red clay soil on Macleay and Russell Islands in southern Moreton Bay was similar to that at Redland Bay, and the islands had the additional advantage of being free from frosts. On the mainland a number of small sugar crushing mills and distilleries were erected, employing an open pan system which produced a coarse, dark brown sugar. With the introduction in the mid-1870s of the more expensive vacuum pan system, which produced a finer white sugar, and increasing competition from the Mary and Burnett River districts, sugar cultivation and manufacture in the southern part of the colony declined. Some mills survived, but by the 1880s, farmers at Cleveland, Redland Bay and the Bay islands were growing mainly bananas, fruits and vegetables.</p><br>
<p>There is little recorded activity on Macleay Island until it was taken up in 1865 as leasehold under the Sugar & Coffee Regulations of 1864, by the Campbell family of Redbank.</p><br>
<p>John "Tinker" Campbell was one of the first squatters on the Darling Downs, taking up Westbrook run in 1841. In the 1840s he was associated with Evan Mackenzie of Kilcoy station in establishing a boiling down and tallow works at Kangaroo Point. Later he was associated with Joseph Fleming, and then with Robert Towns, in partnerships in Redbank interests. A bitter legal dispute between Towns and Campbell in the mid-1860s ruined Campbell financially, but with the help of his children, he turned his interest to sugar cultivation in southern Moreton Bay.</p><br>
<p>His son Frederick Foster Campbell had already taken up land at Redland Bay, on the shores of Moreton Bay directly opposite Macleay Island, under the Cotton Regulations of 1860. In March 1865, John Campbells youngest son, Robert Perkins, applied for the southern half of Macleay Island (640 acres), and Rebecca Elizabeth Owen, Campbells widowed daughter, applied for the northern quarter (320 acres) in September the same year. Macleay (or Tim Sheas) Island was officially surveyed into 3 portions in October 1865, following which Rebecca Owen successfully applied for the middle portion (350 acres), extending her leasehold to 670 acres, or the northern half of the island. Early in 1866 John Campbell and Giles B Daubeney (or dAubigne) also took up the lease of 640 acres at the northwest end of Russell Island.</p><br>
<p>John Campbell and Rebecca Owen were still resident at Redbank at this period, and it is likely that Frederick and Robert Campbell established the sugar plantations on Macleay and Russell islands. Mrs da Costa, a visitor to the islands in late 1866/early 1867, later recalled that two of the Campbells of Redbank had taken up land on Russell Island, where they were engaged in sugar growing with a French naturalist by the name of d&#39;Aubigne. On Macleay Island, she was the guest of Mrs Owen and her brothers Robert and Fred Campbell. The Queensland Post Office Directory for 1868 lists R Campbell as farming on Macleay Island, F Campbell and Giles B Daubeney as farming on Russell Island, and J de Poix Tyrel as a manager on Macleay. By December 1867, Campbell & Daubeney of Brisbane had transferred their lease on Russell Island to WK Alexander, and by early 1868 John Campbell had taken up residence on Macleay Island. In June 1868, Robert Campbell transferred his lease of the southern half of Macleay Island to his father and his other brother, John Edwin Campbell.</p><br>
<p>By late 1868, John Campbell had 40 acres under sugar on Macleay Island, and Rebecca Gosset (formerly Owen) 20 acres. At this period the Macleay Island cane was likely crushed on a floating mill (the Walrus) which operated in the southern Bay down to the Logan and Albert rivers.</p><br>
<p>In 1869 the Campbells negotiated with the Brisbane mercantile firm of J & G Harris to take over the lease of southern Macleay Island, and transfer was effected in September 1869. John Campbell was still resident on Macleay Island and was supervising the sugar plantation there in early July 1869, when he gave evidence before the Select Committee on the Operation of "The Polynesian Laborers Act of 1868". The Campbells employed South Sea Islander labour, and Campbell had recently returned 44 Islanders from Macleay Island to their homes. His son Frederick had brought them in the Black Dog from Erromanga, Sandwich (now Efate) & Tanna Islands (all of which are now part of Vanuatu) about April 1866, and their 3-year contract was over.</p><br>
<p>By October 1869, John Campbell had nearly completed the erection of a sugar mill on Macleay Island, but whether construction of the mill was financed by J & G Harris or the Campbells is not clear. By the end of 1869 he had 65 acres under sugar and a mill. The same amount of land was under sugar in 1870.</p><br>
<p>In 1885, an unnamed author (possibly RS Hurd, Harris manager on Macleay Island in the early 1870s) described the improvements on the southern half of the island during John Campbells time there:</p><br>
<p>"Here was the residence of the late Mr John Campbell, and some thirty acres were under cultivation for sugar-cane, as well as peach trees, bananas, and other fruits. There was in those days a good cypress pine house erected there, a large and well-stocked fruit and flower garden, well laid out and a complete plant for sugar-boiling and salt- making. All this, however, is a thing of the past... this ridge where the house was built is admirably suited for well-sinking, as the ground retains the water as well as if it were puddled. Mr Campbell had a well sunk there some 8ft deep, and it lasted out the driest season with no perceptible leakage... this is where the view is par excellence of the whole place to be obtained. Standing on the top of the hill, the ground slopes away in front to Pininpinin Point... In front are Karragarra and Russell Islands... this deep channel separating Macleay and Karragarra is one of the deepest parts of the bay, and well stocked with fish, Mr Campbell constructed a fish trap at the end of the jetty, and told the writer that he had caught large rock cod in it and abundance of mullet. There is a very pretty walk through the old plantation towards Perrebinpa Point, which is a narrow gravelly neck of land, reaching a long way out. There are a great number of pine seedlings growing along this track and one of the best residences at Breakfast creek is beautified with pine trees taken from this very locality."</p><br>
<p>About 1870, after the transfer of the southern half of the island to J & G Harris, John Campbell moved to the northern end of Macleay Island, where he supervised his daughter&#39;s lease, establishing a castor oil plantation there by September 1871. Following the death of Rebecca Gosset in Rockhampton in 1872, her husband transferred her Macleay Island lease to John Harris in June 1872, and the Campbell family may have left the island about this time.</p><br>
<p>In August 1870, J & G Harris had converted their leasehold of the southern half of Macleay Island into freehold, and the plantation was advertised for sale in April 1871. At this time it comprised 640 acres of freehold land, with 40 acres under sugar; a furnished residence with fine views, out-buildings, and a large tank with a permanent supply of water for household purposes; mens huts, stock-yard, blacksmiths; a sugar mill driven by a 4 hp engine; and a salt works. South Sea Islanders were working on the plantation. In October 1871, the plantation was sold to Arthur Cumming Biddle of London for £500.</p><br>
<p>The plantation again was put up for sale in February 1874, at which time 50-60 acres were under sugarcane. Improvements comprised: a furnished 10-roomed house (the front section of which was of cypress pine); 3 men&#39;s cottages; stables, cart sheds, stockyards, etc. a wharf; stone store; and a large underground tank furnishing a permanent supply of water. There was no mention of a sugar mill or salt works, and agricultural reports in The Queenslander of 1876 suggest that Macleay Island cane was crushed on the mainland at this period. The plantation did not sell in 1874, and appears to have been let run down subsequently.</p><br>
<p>In October 1878, absentee landlord AC Biddle of London purchased from John Harris the northern half of Macleay Island, along with neighbouring Perulpa and Ngudooroo (Lamb) islands, for £925. In October 1884, title to the whole of Macleay, Perulpa and Ngudooroo (Lamb) islands was transferred from Biddle to Joseph Darragh of Brisbane, and then in June 1885 from Darragh to Gustavus Caesar Horstmann and William Alexander Wilson, also of Brisbane. Around this time Macleay Island was subdivided into a large number of residential and farm allotments, many of which were taken up by speculators in the 1880s and 1890s. The block on which the industrial ruins are located (subdivision 279 of portion 1 - a residential subdivision of 1 rood 10.6 perches), was purchased in June 1886 by Brisbane businessmen Edward Taylor, Edward Kelk and Frank Lescombe John Crosby, for £18. To date, no record has been found of any subsequent industrial, commercial or residential use of this site, suggesting that the industrial ruins are associated with the establishment of the sugar plantation in the late 1860s, early 1870s.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The industrial ruins are located at the south end of Macleay Island in southern Moreton Bay, on the foreshore east of Pininpinin Point and directly opposite Karragarra Island (27&deg;38&prime;5&Prime;S latitude, 153&deg;21&prime;37&Prime;E longitude). Remnants of several stone structures on this site, nestled near the foreshore, just above high- water mark at the bottom of a steep, wooded slope, are visible from Moreton Bay. The setting is highly picturesque.</p><br>
<p>The site comprises:</p><br>
<p>the remnants of a stone structure (possibly the stone store mentioned in the 1874 advertisement) located on the foreshore at the bottom of a steep slope, about a metre above high-water mark - the foundations of the walls and the remains of a rubble floor, built up several feet above the level of the foreshore, survive, as does part of the east wall, which is of irregular coursing of roughly cut stone, held together with a coarse mortar - of the south and west walls only the foundations survive, and these have suffered erosion from wave action at high tide - recent attempts at stabilising these foundations with plastic netting and sheeting have been made</p><br>
<p>remnants of a possible stone retaining wall along the foreshore at high-water mark, in front of the "store" and further along to the west of the "store" - recent wave action has deposit gravel on the foreshore, mostly the remnant retaining wall in front of the "store"</p><br>
<p>remnants of the foundation of a secondary stone structure to the west of the larger "store"</p><br>
<p>a stone fire-box located less than a metre to the north (further up the slope) of the stone "store" - the fire-box is cut lengthwise in an east-west direction into the side of the slope, and measures approximately 8m long by 3m wide - like the "store", the fire-box is constructed of irregular coursing of mainly roughly cut stone, held together by a coarse mortar - however, some of the larger stones are more precisely cut and appear to have simple, decorative chiselled patterns on the face, possibly indicating that they have been recycled from some other structure - the fire-box is open-ended on the east side to allow the fire to be lit beneath the boiler, a stone-pitched flue at the western end of the fire-box drawing the flames and heat underneath the boiler</p><br>
<p>the shell of a hemispherically-ended, iron-plated Cornish boiler, in situ in the firebox - the boiler has a diameter of 160 cm and a length of 680 cm</p><br>
<p>a stone-pitched underground flue leading from the western end of the fire-box directly north up the slope approximately 14 metres to an open depression in the ground - possibly the base of a brick chimney</p><br>
<p>an early road, in some places shored-up by stonework, wending diagonally down the steep slope from the top of the adjacent western allotment, to the boiler site</p><br>
<p>a timber slipway, visible at low-tide only, on the shore near the southeast corner of the stone "store"</p><br>
<p>possible winch tracks on the road reserve adjacent to the eastern boundary of the allotment on which the stone ruins are located - the road reserve (surveyed ) runs north-south down the steep slope directly to the timber slipway at the water&#39;s edge, following two deep parallel depressions, approximately 1.5m apart, which are possibly the remains of some form of winching operation - these disappear into the bush above the industrial ruins site, continuing approximately 150 metres to the level land of the ridge above</p><br>
<p>Whether the stone used for the boiler site structures was quarried on Macleay Island has not been established, no obvious quarry site being identified in the immediate vicinity. Geologically, the eastern side of the island belongs to the Kurwongbah Beds - a mix of phyllite, greenstone, minor quartz and argillite (sedimentary rocks subjected to consolidation and intense compression); the western side of the island belongs to the Woogaroo Subgroup of later sedimentary rocks - mainly sandstone and conglomerate.</p><br>
<p>Historical evidence suggests that a jetty and/or wharf, at the end of which was a fish-trap, was constructed by John Campbell in the late 1860s. The jetty/wharf is likely to have been positioned near the boiler site. Beside the slipway are the remnants of two posts which may have been associated with this jetty.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Industrial Ruins, south end of Macleay Island was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 April 1998 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Industrial Ruins, south end of Macleay Island, are believed to be associated with the sugar plantation established on Macleay Island in the late 1860s/early 1870s, when sugar cultivation in Queensland was still largely experimental. They survive as important illustration of the early agricultural and industrial development of Queensland, and of the settlement of southern Moreton Bay in particular.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The surviving Cornish boiler, common in Queensland sawmills and sugar mills of the 1860s and 1870s, is one of few of this type known to survive in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>With further archaeological and historical research and analysis, the place has the potential to reveal important information about Queensland&#39;s history and early industrial technology.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The ambience of the stone ruins, the bay, and the overgrown vegetation, combined with a distinctive position on the foreshore overlooking southern Moreton Bay and neighbouring islands, creates a strong aesthetic appeal which has attracted public interest and has invited "exploration", for well over a century.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>For the southern Moreton Bay islands community, the place has a strong association with their heritage, and the place has had a landmark value for Moreton Bay boaters since the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Ormiston House Estate is a heritage-listed plantation at Wellington Street, Ormiston, City of Redland, Queensland, Australia. It was built from to. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ormiston House, a large, single-storeyed brick residence, was erected in stages between c.1858 and 1865 for the Hon. Louis Hope, a Member of the Queensland Legislative Council.</p><br>
<p>Hope had arrived in New South Wales in 1843, was an active participant in early Queensland economic and political life, and was instrumental in the development of the sugar industry in Queensland. In the 1850s he purchased and/or leased extensive landholdings in the Moreton region, including Kilcoy Station (in partnership with Robert Ramsey) in 1853, Shafston House at Kangaroo Point in 1854, and land in the Cleveland area overlooking Raby Bay, 1852-55.</p><br>
<p>Ormiston, said to have been named after a Hope ancestral name in Scotland, was farmed from, and the slab hut which is now the kitchen wing at Ormiston House appears to date from this period. In the early 1860s Hope experimented first with cotton, then sugar cane.</p><br>
<p>By late 1862 the estate comprised just under 325 hectares of fenced land. Improvements included an established ornamental garden, 8 hectares under sugarcane, 5.25 hectares under corn, saltpans producing up to 4 tonnes of salt per day, a small brick house, a slab hut containing a kitchen, oven and two small rooms, huts for the farm workers, an overseer&#39;s house, a barn, stockyard and milking yards. Water was obtained from wells and waterholes on the property. In 1863 Hope acquired extensive adjacent lands from Post-Master General Thomas Lodge Murray-Prior.</p><br>
<p>In 1864 Hope erected Queensland&#39;s first sugar crushing mill, supplied by Cook & Co. of Glasgow, on the banks of Hilliards Creek. The first commercially milled sugar in Queensland was produced there in September that year.</p><br>
<p>Accompanying the establishment of his sugar plantation and mill, Hope erected on the property a substantial brick residence in 1864-65. The earlier small brick house appears to have been incorporated into the new structure, which featured gas lighting (probably a by-product of sugar manufacture), hot water and cisterns. Reputedly, Hope brought out Scottish workmen to erect the house, and sent cypress pine logs from Ormiston to England to be turned for the tuscan columns along the verandahs. The bricks were made on the property, and the timber was felled and sawn on site. The roof was shingled originally.</p><br>
<p>In 1865 the sugar plantation at Ormiston was the largest in Queensland. From September 1867 Hope was employing South Pacific islanders in his canefields, and producing 50-60 tons of sugar in a season. Most of this went directly to the station trade rather than to merchants in Brisbane. In 1869 the mill and a distillery were in active operation, with Hope both buying cane from smaller growers and operating the plant as a central crushing mill on the half-produce principle.</p><br>
<p>Hope continued with sugar crushing at Ormiston until when, following protracted litigation with a neighbour who claimed that Hope had reneged on a promise to crush his cane, the mill machinery was sold. In the same year he leased the bulk of the property west of Hilliards Creek to his former manager Gilbert Burnett, retaining about 80 hectares with the main residence.</p><br>
<p>In mid-1881 Hope advertised Ormiston House for sale in anticipation of leaving the colony. The house was described as a large brick and stone residence of sixteen rooms, with wide verandahs to three sides, a detached kitchen, servants&#39; quarters, and laundry. A lead-lined cedar tank in the roof supplied water for baths and three cisterns. The house and a four-roomed brick lodge sat in 3.25 hectares of ornamental gardens. Ormiston House was not sold at the time, but Burnett purchased from Hope the property he had been leasing since 1875.</p><br>
<p>In 1882 the Hope family returned to England, leaving Kilcoy and Ormiston under the supervision of manager William Butler, who leased out Ormiston House. Hope died in 1894, but Ormiston House remained in the family until 1912, when it was sold to grazier John Arthur Macartney of Waverley Station.</p><br>
<p>In 1935 the International Society of Sugar Technologists erected a cairn in the front grounds of Ormiston House to commemorate Hope&#39;s pioneering work in the Queensland sugar industry.</p><br>
<p>In 1959 the house on just under 11 hectares was acquired by the Carmelite Nuns, and subsequently a brick monastery was built in the grounds. With their permission, Ormiston House now functions as a house museum, operated by the Ormiston House Restoration Association, established in the mid-1960s.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Ormiston House Estate consists of a complex of buildings including the main house, a slab kitchen, former store, laundry, lodge and extensive grounds. A large monastery was built to the north. The property overlooks Raby Bay to the east, with the grounds extending to the water&#39;s edge with terracing to mangrove wetlands along the foreshore.</p><br>
<p>The single-storeyed brick house has a T-shaped plan form, encircled by verandahs, and two small rooms on the northwest. The building has a hipped corrugated iron roof, with the south section having two parallel hips with south gables and lower unlined skillion roofs to the verandahs.</p><br>
<p>Built in stages, the earliest southeast section is of Flemish bond face brick with the later stages, a north wing and western addition, being of English bond face brick. The south wall is painted.</p><br>
<p>The eastern verandah has brick paving, but elsewhere the verandahs now have sandstone paving. The north wing verandahs have paired, white painted timber, tuscan columns with stone bases; those to the southern wing have square chamfered timber posts with curved timber brackets at the corners and are partially lattice screened to the west.</p><br>
<p>The northern wing has French doors with large fanlights and timber shutters. The southern wing has casement windows and timber doors with glass panels. The entry hall, in the junction between the two wings, has a panelled cedar door with clear glass fanlight and sidelights at either end.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the entry hall walls are rendered, and walls elsewhere are rendered and papered, mostly to picture rail height. The principal rooms have ceilings 5 metres high. Most rooms have pressed metal ceilings, with the entry hall ceiling raking down above the west entry door with the fanlight cut into the rake.</p><br>
<p>The floors are timber and joinery throughout is of cedar with deep skirtings, wide architraves and sills, panelled doors, fireplace surrounds, French doors and casement windows. The water closet contains an early flushing cistern, and gas piping for the light fittings. The present kitchen has pressed metal sheets to the walls with wall mounted gas light fittings.</p><br>
<p>The split-log slab kitchen, sitting on large timber sleepers, has a corrugated iron gable roof and is situated to the west of the house. It has a brick paved east verandah with a lower pitch roof. Internally, the building has a boarded ceiling, casement windows and the original brick chimney and kitchen oven at the north end.</p><br>
<p>The former store, now containing toilets, is built of brick and is located to the north of the slab kitchen. The building shares the same roof and verandah as the kitchen.</p><br>
<p>A single skin timber laundry, attached to the western side of the slab kitchen, has a corrugated iron skillion roof and is open to the north. The laundry has a copper, a brick chimney and an attached timber lean- to the south.</p><br>
<p>A white painted brick lodge with a steep, corrugated iron gable roof is located to the south. The building has enclosed north and southwest verandahs, a west porch with a gable roof and casement windows.</p><br>
<p>The grounds include an avenue of Bunya Pines to the southeast, mature exotic trees between the house and the road, large areas of lawn and other remnants of earlier plantings.</p><br>
<p>To the east stands a 1935 memorial cairn.</p><br>
<p>A two-storeyed brick monastery lies to the north of the main house, and they are separated by a high fence.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Ormiston House Estate was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Ormiston House Estate, established in the late 1850s to early 1860s, is important in demonstrating the evolution and pattern of Queensland&#39;s history, being closely associated with the establishment of European settlement at Cleveland and with the establishment of the sugar industry in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Ormiston House demonstrates a rare aspect of Queensland&#39;s history, providing evidence of early and uncommon gas, hot water and water closet facilities.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Ormiston House Estate has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&#39;s history, containing the site of early agricultural and industrial activity and extensive 19th century gardens.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principle characteristics of an 1860s country house and rural estate, and house and grounds make a strong aesthetic contribution to the Ormiston district and to the Raby Bay foreshore, which is valued by the community.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principle characteristics of an 1860s country house and rural estate, and house and grounds make a strong aesthetic contribution to the Ormiston district and to the Raby Bay foreshore, which is valued by the community.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Ormiston House Estate has a special association with the life and work of Queensland pioneer Hon. Louis Hope, and his contribution to the development of the sugar industry in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>St Andrews Church is a heritage-listed Anglican church at Wellington Street, Ormiston, City of Redland, Queensland, Australia. It was built. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This board and batten timber church was erected on the Hon. Louis Hope&#39;s Ormiston estate, as a private chapel, Sunday school and schoolhouse.</p><br>
<p>Hope had acquired land in the Raby Bay area in 1853-55 on which he created the Ormiston estate and sugar plantation, where the Hope family resided from until their departure for England in 1882. The immediate property surrounding Ormiston House comprised over 200 acres bounded by Raby Bay, Hilliards Creek and Eckersley Street, but Hope&#39;s holdings in the area also included large tracts of land between Hilliards and Tingalpa Creeks.</p><br>
<p>Hope was influential in establishing the sugar industry in Queensland, producing the colonys first commercially milled sugar at Ormiston in 1864. The land on which St Andrews Church stands was purchased by Hope from Thomas Lodge Murray-Prior in mid-1863. The chapel is believed to have been constructed by James Yorston, a Scottish employee on Hopes estate. The timber was cut at Ormiston, pit-sawn to size, and dressed and shaped with an adze.</p><br>
<p>Originally the chapel stood amongst bunya pines and a number of flowering trees. It was separated from the road by a three-rail split post and rail fence with a picket gate. The early building had a shingled roof and double-hung, six-paned sash windows, and rested directly on the ground with a cement floor. The chancel and vestry are later additions.</p><br>
<p>The chapel pre-dated the first Anglican church at Cleveland by at least six years. Initially services were conducted either by lay persons of by clergy from St Marys Church of England parish. As well, the building served as a school for the children of employees on Hope&#39;s estate, until establishment of the Cleveland No.2 School (Ormiston State School) in 1872.</p><br>
<p>In 1882, the Hopes transferred the chapel on 0.2 hectares of land to the Anglican Church as a gift, and along with St Pauls at Cleveland (1874) it became part of the newly created Cleveland parish (1881). The church was never dedicated.</p><br>
<p>Major renovations were carried out in 1905 and 1920, and by 1924 substantial termite damage necessitated repairs. In the 1930s the building was standing on a brick plinth. In the 1960s the interior was lined and an inscription on the chancel arch was removed. Since the late 1950s the church has been maintained by the Friends of St Andrews, a non-denominational group. Services are still conducted there.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>This is a small church of early, single-skin, board and batten construction. It is clearly seen from the road, framed and backed by mature trees. Its corrugated iron gable roof is aligned north-south, with a belfry over the northern entrance and a gable roof porch attached. The main entrance doors are four-panelled with early furniture. On the south, the gable roof chancel extends at a shallower angle to the east over a vestry addition. Finials decorate the belfry and northern end of the gable; the southern finial has been removed. The gutters have been removed recently. Windows to the nave are lancet-shaped with two rectangular sashes and a pointed fixed sash above, all with a central glazing bar. There are casements in the chancel and vestry.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the nave floor is of hardwood tongue and groove boarding. Floor boarding is pencil-edged in the porch, and shot-edged in the vestry. Hardboard lining which concealed the nave walls has been removed since 1987, exposing the boards and battens, which have been painted recently. Original shingles under the iron roof can be seen clearly over the nave, and remain unpainted. Pews are of scrubbed beech. The early structure of the church is evident and interesting in a picturesque setting.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>St Andrews Church was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>St Andrew&#39;s Church at Ormiston, erected, is significant historically for its association with the early development of European settlement in Cleveland, and with the Hon. Louis Hope and the establishment of the sugar industry in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>It is significant as rare surviving evidence in southeast Queensland of board and batten construction, and for the intactness of the building and its fittings.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>It is significant for the grace and integrity of its architectural form.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The place has a community and spiritual association as the earliest Anglican church in the Cleveland parish.</p><br>
<p>The Edward Kirk Warren House and Garage is a historic house located at 2829-2831 Sheridan Place in Evanston, Illinois. The house was built in 1910-12 for Edward Kirk Warren, an industrialist who developed the featherbone corset. Warren also served as president of the International Sunday School Association and provided financial support to evangelist Dwight L. Moody. Architect William Carbys Zimmerman, the Illinois State Architect at the time, designed the Tudor Revival house. The house was built from dressed ashlar, an uncommon building material for Tudor Revival houses; it is one of only two ashlar Tudor Revival houses in Evanston. The house&#39;s roof has a steep main gable with a parapet along with several smaller gables and dormers with a similar design. The entrance porch is supported by columns and covered by an overhang with bracketed eaves. An octagonal tower with ornamental griffins and a crenellated battlement rises to the left of the entrance. Other decorative features used in the exterior include stained glass, arched windows, and various patterns inlaid in the stone.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 30, 1986.</p><br>
<p>Dobličica Creek is a stream in White Carniola. It is part of a karst aquifer. Due to its geological and hydrological characteristics and urbanization of the area, it is considered sensitive and subject to pollution.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Dobličica Creek has its source in the eastern foothills of Mount Poljane (Poljanska gora) at Lake Dobliče (Dobličko jezero), which is 40 m across and up to 10 m deep. The bed of the lake is covered with large boulders, among which karst water flows from two depressions. A karst spring with a constant flow feeds the lake, with an outflow in a broad but shallow channel. The upper part of the creek bed is rocky mixed with sand, and the banks are loamy. Soon after the source, another spring adds its water to the flow from the lake. The channel is bordered by typical riverside vegetation and meanders through meadows before being joined by Potok Creek and emptying into the Lahinja River at Črnomelj. Dobličica Creek and the Lahinja River surround the old town center of Črnomelj on three sides.</p><br>
<p>A catchwater for the White Carniola water system was created near the lake in 1958.</p><br>
<h2>Black olm</h2><br>
<p>In 1986, members of the Slovenian Karst Research Institute discovered black olms (Proteus anginius parkelj) during experimental pumping at the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>* Inventar najpomembnejše naravne dediščine Slovenije (Lahinja), Ljubljana, 1991</p><br>
<p>Sattahip Bay  is a bay in the east side of the Gulf of Siam or Gulf of Thailand. It is in Sattahip District, Chonburi Province, Thailand.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prince Abhakara Kiartivongse (1880 – 1923), son of King Chulalongkorn, inspected Sattahip Bay in 1922 and saw that it was an ideal place to establish a naval base. Subsequently, he offered royal land in Sattahip in order to build the present-day naval facilities.</p><br>
<p>Today the bay is part of the Sattahip Naval Base area, the largest base of the Royal Thai Navy.</p><br>
<p>Occasionally Sattahip Bay is invaded by jellyfish.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Sattahip Bay lies at the south end of Chonburi Province. It is open towards the southwest and is bound by limestone rock formations forming peninsulas to the west over Laem Chalak and to the southeast at Khao Chong Khaep.</p><br>
<h3>Islands</h3><br>
<p>There are several islands in the bay area, the largest being Ko Tao Mo, towards the western end of the mouth of the bay. Smaller Ko I Lao is the island further off-shore.</p><br>
<p>Leaksville Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located at Eden, Rockingham County, North Carolina. It encompasses 12 contributing buildings in the central business district of the town of Eden. It includes buildings dated between about 1885 and 1939, and notable examples of Greek Revival, Classical Revival, and Colonial Revival style architecture. Notable buildings include a house built about 1840, the Realty Building , Leaksville Mercantile Building , Carter-Moir Hardware/Smith-Lane Store , the Fagg-King Building , Mitchell&#39;s Drug Store , DeHart Building , and United States Post Office  designed by noted architect Louis A. Simon and built as a Works Progress Administration project.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Walsh Bay is a bay within Port Jackson, about 1,000 m south of the suburb McMahons Point. It is named after Henry Dean Walsh, Engineer-in-chief of the Sydney Harbour Trust. Walsh Bay is officially defined as that body of water that stretches from the Dawes Point  in the north east, to the Millers Point  in the southwest and the original shoreline has been altered to include developments now known as Piers 1 to 9.</p><br>
<p>In more recent times, Walsh Bay refers to the Walsh Bay Wharves Precinct or the Walsh Bay Arts Precinct, a harbour-side area in Sydney, located next to the neighbouring suburbs of Dawes Point and Millers Point that historically was a working port. The wharves were converted to apartments, theatres, restaurants, cafes and a hotel, and in 2015 was designated as a major arts precinct. Much of the precinct is listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The precinct was originally known by the Aboriginal names of Tar-ra and Tullagalla. The wharf was constructed from 1912 to 1921.</p><br>
<p>Spray Industrial Historic District is a national historic district located at Eden, Rockingham County, North Carolina. It encompasses 70 contributing buildings, 9 contributing structures, and 1 contributing object in an industrial section of the town of Eden. It includes buildings associated with eight textile mill complexes, mill village housing, and seven commercial buildings. Notable contributing resources include the Smith River Dam and Spray Power canal, Morehead Cotton Mill complex, "Superintendent&#39;s" House , Imperial Bank and Trust Company , Leaksville Cotton Mills complex, Spray Mercantile Building, Spray Cotton Mills complex, Lily Mill complex, Nantucket Mills complex designed by R. C. Biberstein, American Warehouse Company complex, Rhode Island Mill complex, Phillips-Chatham House , and Spray Woolen Mill complex.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Washington Mills-Mayodan Plant, also known as Mayo Mills, Washington Group-Mayodan Plant, and Tultex Corp.-Mayodan Plant, was a historic textile mill and national historic district located at Mayodan, Rockingham County, North Carolina. It encompassed four contributing buildings and two contributing structures in the town of Mayodan. The main spinning mill was built in 1895, and was a three-story, rectangular brick structure with a low-pitched gable roof. The mill was expanded several times between 1897 and 1954. It featured a four-story, one bay, tower with an open belfry at the top. Also on the property were the contributing knitting mill , transformer house , railroad underpass, railroad spur, and frame wood shed. The mill closed in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The mill buildings were demolished in 2012.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Happy Hollow Farm is a historic house at 2099 Aqua Crossing in Fayetteville, Arkansas. It is a large single-story log house, shaped in an H, with a broad flared hip roof. The logs are stacked and held in place with spikes, rather than being notched at the corners. The property also includes a small log milk house and a stone cottage, all contemporaneous to the house&#39;s 1909-10 construction. The house was built by writer William Rheen Lighton, who made a reputation writing for major periodicals including the Saturday Evening Post, and published several novels and non-fiction books, including one named Happy Hollow Farm that romanticized life on an Arkansas farm.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Raby Bay is a bay within Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, created by the Cleveland Point headland. It forms the coastline of the suburbs of Cleveland and Ormiston in the City of Redland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The bay was named by the surveyor James Warner on 1 July 1841, after the Duke of Cleveland who was also known as Baron Raby.</p><br>
<p>In 1864 Queensland&#39;s first lighthouse was constructed on Cleveland Point. Now heritage-listed, the Cleveland Point Light remained in use until 1974.</p><br>
<p>In 1885, there was a land sale to the south of Raby Bay known as the Raby Bay Estate.</p><br>
<p>In June 1979 the Queensland Government approved a canal estate development in Raby Bay which would expand the suburb of Cleveland into the bay using land reclamation to create waterfront building sites for prestige residential and commercial purposes with canal access to Raby Bay for recreational boats moored either at the individual properties or in marinas. Construction commenced in 1983 and the first stage was officially opened on 23 November 1984 with 158 blocks to be sold at prices between $53,000 to $96,000 each. The canal estate was marketed under the name Raby Bay and this name is commonly used as a neighbourhood name to distinguish this land from that of the rest of Cleveland (of which it is officially part). As with other canal estates in Queensland, the Redland City Council finds itself under pressure to provide for maintenance of the canals in these canal estates as the original development company no longer exists. In 2014, it was estimated up to 23 kilometres of canal wall were in need of repair. The owners of the properties in the canal estate claim they should not have to pay a levy as the canals are not part of their land and should be maintained by the council in the same way as roads. However, other residents in Redland City do not believe that their rates should be increased to pay for expenses associated with residents who chose to purchase land in a canal estate.</p><br>
<h2>Environment</h2><br>
<p>Raby Bay is known for its seagrass meadows, which support the local dugong population. The canal estate development destroyed seagrass meadows, mangroves and roosting sites for migratory wading birds. However, there are signs the seagrass is recovering in Raby Bay with sightings of the dugongs within the canals. However, larger populations of dugongs can be found in the Ormiston parts of the bay which have not been so affected by development.</p><br>
<p>The Monte Verdi Plantation is a historic Southern plantation in Rusk County, Texas. It was used to grow cotton in the Antebellum South.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Julien Sidney Devereux, a member of the Sixth Texas Legislature, purchased land from 1845 onwards. By 1849, he called it Monte Verdi, which means "green mountain" in Italian. By 1850, seventy-four African slaves worked on the plantation. They produced 120 bales of cotton every year, making it one of the 100 most productive plantations in Texas. At its peak, the plantation covered 10,700 acres. Includes photos.</p><br>
<p>The mansion was built from 1856 to 1857. It was designed in the Greek Revival architectural style. It is two story high, with six Doric columns and a balcony on the second floor. It was restored by Emmett F. Lowry and his wife in the early 1960s.</p><br>
<p>In 1962, historian Dorman H. Winfrey wrote a history of the plantation entitled Julien Sidney Devereux and His Monte Verdi Plantation, published by the Waco-based Texian Press.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>The plantation house has been a Texas Historical Landmark since 1964. Additionally, the 100 acre core of the plantation has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since March 31, 2014. The historic core area preserves the history of a large cotton plantation, active for many years surrounding the Civil War. The Greek Revival plantation house is a good example of its type and retains much of its original materials. The main house, restored in 1960, has an L-shaped plan for the first floor and a rectangular plan for the second; a total of 2960 square feet. The plantation main house and a water well are historic structures at the site, which also includes a relocated house and several structures of more recent vintage that are not contributing resources.</p><br>
<p>Ormiston Fellmongery is a heritage-listed archaeological site of a former wool scour and fellmongery at Sturgeon Street, Ormiston, City of Redland, Queensland, Australia. It is also known as Fellmonger Park. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 18 September 2009.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A fellmongery was first established on the site in 1853, by Thomas Blacket Stephens, operating for around 10 years before ceasing operations. A second fellmongery was commenced on the site by Thomas Alford in 1894 which continued operations until the early 1920s. The land was subsequently used for farming before being resumed by the Redland Shire Council in the 1970s for use as parkland.</p><br>
<p>After the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement was closed in 1839 areas around Moreton Bay were progressively surveyed to be opened up to free settlement. The year 1840 saw the arrival of pastoralists in the Moreton Bay District and by 1844 there were 17 large squatting runs, and by 1849 some 290,000 sheep.</p><br>
<p>Brisbane and its port thrived because of wool production and the processing of wool operated throughout Brisbane and its surrounds. The early method of sheepwashing in Queensland began to be replaced by woolscouring - the treatment and cleaning of wool after shearing - from the late 1840s and was almost completely replaced by the 1890s.</p><br>
<p>The process of fellmongering appears in the early 1850s in the Moreton Bay region. A different process to wool scouring, fellmongering processed sheepskins in order to remove the wool in preparation for tanning. The wool was washed and dried, and the skins were processed into leather.</p><br>
<p>Woolscouring and fellmongering were sometimes located within the same operation, or tended to be clustered in close proximity, along with tanneries. Slaughteryards were also sometimes run in conjunction with fellmongeries. They tended to be located alongside a creek to enable a good supply of clean, fresh water - a key element in the processing of the skins and wool. A number of such operations occurred during the 19th and 20th centuries in Brisbane, including along Bulimba Creek in the vicinity of Carindale and Belmont, at Ekibin on Norman Creek, and Newmarket and Kelvin Grove on Enoggera Creek.</p><br>
<p>Fellmongery operations commenced at Cleveland relatively early. In 1851 Cleveland was proclaimed as a township, including the area which was later to become known as Ormiston. The allotments along Hilliards Creek were surveyed in 1853 and Thomas Blacket Stephens established a fellmongery shortly afterwards, under the management of Mr Beattie, on sections 100 and 101, Parish of Cleveland. Stephens commenced business at the time when efforts were being made to establish Cleveland Point as the port for Moreton Bay, and he may well have set up his establishment on Hilliards Creek to service the wool trade expected to travel from Ipswich to Cleveland Point. Stephens moved his operations to his property "Ekibin" near South Brisbane in the early 1860s, at about the time when attempts to establish a port at Cleveland ended (Ryan 2005:7). It is not known when the fellmongery at Cleveland ceased operations, and it may have continued until the late 1860s under the management of Andrew Holden, who originally worked at the fellmongery for Stephens. Stephens was a well-known figure in the early colony becoming owner of the Moreton Bay Courier in 1861, and Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly for South Brisbane in 1863. Between 1867 and 1870 he was colonial treasurer, colonial secretary, postmaster-general, and secretary for public lands in the Lilley and Macalister ministries.</p><br>
<p>It was some 30 years before the site was again proposed for use as a fellmongery. Thomas Alford obtained a permit from the Cleveland Divisional Board in July 1894 to erect a wool scouring and fellmongering works on allotment 4 of section 100, the site of Stephens earlier fellmongery. Although situated on the site of Stephens earlier fellmongery, just a small section of his original holdings were taken up by Alford.</p><br>
<p>Prior to establishing the fellmongery at Cleveland, Alford had been refused a fellmongery permit by the Bulimba Divisional Board due to its by-laws regarding "noisome and offensive trades". The Bulimba ratepayers were unhappy with this decision and convened a public meeting. They were concerned that Cleveland had welcomed Alford, given him dinner at the Brighton Hotel and granted him the permit, leading to the generation of £70 a week in wages that would be spent in Cleveland and not Bulimba. They demanded that the Bulimba Divisional Board revise their by-laws.</p><br>
<p>Construction of Alfords establishment commenced in early August 1894 with a full range of fellmongering facilities being established. The building material was brought in by rail and dray and stumps were obtained from the bush. Timber was obtained from Gilbert Burnetts sawmill located on the Fernbourne Estate at Wellington Point (see Whepstead) (BC 1894a). The construction was expected to take six weeks to complete, and included the following:</p><br>
<p>Wool shed, 40 x 18 feet, fronting the road, including eight wool bins, sorting tables and a wool press</p><br>
<p>Soaks</p><br>
<p>Sweathouse</p><br>
<p>Sorting sheds</p><br>
<p>Engine shed, including engine, pump and washing machine, supplied by Messrs A. Overend and Co.</p><br>
<p>Drying shed, for use in wet weather when drying ground not usable</p><br>
<p>The fellmongery was supervised by Mr T. Sefton who was experienced in the industry in both England and the colonies; although it appears Alford maintained an active role. Alford approached the Railway Commissioner in late 1894 to request construction of a siding at Ormiston railway station. The Commissioner agreed subject to a range of conditions which Alford chose to decline. Finally deciding to construct the siding at Ormiston in 1895, Alford in the meantime had to cart all the skins and wool from Wellington Point railway station and back again Alford constructed a dam across Hilliards Creek in 1901 in order to improve the control of water, a vital resource for the fellmongery operation.</p><br>
<p>The fellmongery operation (which also included a wool scour and slaughteryard) operated until the early 1920s. The land was transferred to Jessie Ferguson by 1932, followed by George McLeod Ferguson in 1951. Allotment 4 was subdivided into Lots 1 and 2 in 1969, and the lots resumed by the Redland Shire Council for park and recreation purposes in 1970 and 1975 respectively. The site appears not to have been used for any further industry or development, with Fellmonger Park now being at the location of the site.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The site is situated in Fellmonger Park, which consists of mown grassed areas, and an undulating land surface with several mounded areas with mulched tree plantings on top. The land drops to low-lying flats towards Hilliards Creek which become flooded after heavy and prolonged rain. The park&#39;s vegetation includes eucalypts, cassia and other species in planted gardens and as isolated specimens. Melaleuca (ti-tree) occur along the creek banks and on the creek flats.</p><br>
<p>The obvious physical remains of the fellmongery are surrounded by low treated log fencing. There are two fenced areas. The first contains brick foundations 5.05m x 4.15m with an opening at either end. The foundations are two bricks high above the ground surface in an English Bond pattern. One of the bricks displays a frog with "Campbells Redbank". The foundation continues below the ground surface. A compacted layer, possibly a floor, occurs at approximately 50 cm below the surface. The foundations are situated on the side of a mounded area about 15m from the creek.</p><br>
<p>The second fenced area is diagonally adjacent to the first. It is grassed on the surface with no obvious surface remains. A subsurface deposit of bricks and brick fragments approximately 5 cm below the surface was revealed through test probing. The deposit appears to occur across the entire fenced area. This deposit occurs at the top of the mounded area.</p><br>
<p>The remainder of the top of the mounded area consists of leaf litter and mulch and tree species including eucalypts and cassia trees. The mulched area on the top of the mound is likely to conceal further archaeological remains.</p><br>
<p>A causeway across the creek which forms part of the modern bike/walking track is situated to the west of the brick foundations. The lower levels of the causeway consist of rough stone and rubble and appear of an early construction. The stone has been subsequently overlaid with concrete and bitumen.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Ormiston Fellmongery was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 18 September 2009 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The remains of the Ormiston Fellmongery are important in demonstrating the pattern of Queenslands history as remnant evidence of the important secondary industry of wool processing. Physical evidence of wool scouring, fellmongering and tanning is today rare, despite the importance of the wool industry and the processing of wool to Queenslands history. The processing of wool was commonly undertaken in and around Brisbane in locations conveniently situated to fresh water sources and transport networks yet the remains of the Ormiston Fellmongery are the only known surviving elements in the region.</p><br>
<p>Archaeological evidence of a fellmongery which spanned two time periods at the one location (the 1850s to 1860s and then again between 1894 and the 1920s) provide rare and potentially important comparative information about fellmongery practice in Queensland, including change through time.</p><br>
<p>The extant structural remains and adjacent subsurface deposits are most likely related to the second phase of operations from 1894 to the 1920s and have the potential to reveal important information about the organisation and layout of a fellmongery operation from this period. The analysis of this archaeological evidence may also provide an insight into the broader trade networks of the region through the presence of materials from other parts of south-east Queensland and further afield.</p><br>
<p>Additional subsurface archaeological deposits and features may potentially occur across the site, including evidence of the earlier fellmongery operations between the 1850s and 1860s. This period of operations is associated with Thomas Blacket Stephens, an important identity in Queenslands history and former owner of the Moreton Bay Courier and later the second mayor of Brisbane. Stephens was well known for his radical politics and social and moral views that often ran in opposition to popular thinking at the time. Archaeological evidence of his early fellmongery operations may reveal important insights into how Stephens non-populist views were expressed in the material cultural associated with his work and particularly his fellmongery practices.</p><br>
<p>The remains of an early causeway across Hilliards Creek are likely to be associated with operations at the fellmongery due to its close proximity and the requirement to access rail transport at Wellington Point on the north side of the creek prior to 1895. Archaeological investigation of the causeway has the potential to provide information on early road construction techniques and may provide more accurate dating of the age of its construction.</p><br>
<p>Point Lookout Foreshore is a heritage-listed headland at East Coast Road, Point Lookout, City of Redland, Queensland, Australia. It is also known as Mooloomba. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 27 August 2004.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Captain James Cook named the rocky headland on the north-eastern tip Stradbroke Island Point Lookout in 1770, as a warning to shipping. Although the area had been used and occupied for tens of thousands of years by Indigenous people, the first recorded European presence at Point Lookout was in 1803 when Matthew Flinders, returning to Sydney from an ill-fated exploration trip further north, sent men ashore at an area that is now known as Cylinder Beach to collect water from a spring.</p><br>
<p>Point Lookout remained isolated and, although close to Brisbane, was rarely visited. The first European settlements on Stradbroke Island were on more accessible parts of the island, where there was safe anchorage. A pilot station was set up at Amity Point in 1825, and a depot for stores for the penal settlement at Moreton Bay was established at Dunwich in 1827, though this was abandoned shortly afterward.</p><br>
<p>Warner carried out a survey of the coast from Point Lookout to New South Wales in 1846. This was only a beach transverse, but a survey of the Moreton Bay area by Dixon included an area at Point Lookout as one of a number of government reserves located in various parts of the bay earmarked for possible future use. However, development continued to be in the more accessible parts of Stradbroke Island and in 1850 a quarantine station was set up at Dunwich to be succeeded by the large government Dunwich Benevolent Asylum in 1864.</p><br>
<p>In 1895 Bill North was granted an occupational licence for one year to run cattle around Point Lookout, and he built a hut at the Point and a cattle dip behind Adder Rock. He continued to use the land for a number of years, supplying the asylum at Dunwich with meat.</p><br>
<p>In 1902 North cared for five surviving crew members of the brigantine Prosperity, which was wrecked at night half a mile south east of Point Lockout. Two of the crew died and were buried behind the dunes on what has continued to be named Deadman&#39;s Beach.</p><br>
<p>Because the government used Stradbroke Island, like other Moreton Bay islands, for institutional purposes, the population of Brisbane did not consider these places as holiday destinations, despite their proximity and natural attributes. Amity Point developed as a small holiday resort, but it was quite separate from Dunwich. The only connection between the two places was by walking along the beach at low tide or along the route of the telegraph line.</p><br>
<p>The first settlement of Point Lookout occurred in 1932 when a substantial concrete lighthouse was built. A lighthouse and signal station was proposed in 1825 but did not eventuate and in 1848 the pilot station was moved from Amity Point to Cape Moreton because the South Passage was considered too dangerous. A hut was built to store acetylene cylinders at Cylinder Beach, which derived its name from this usage. Shortly after the construction of the lighthouse Bertie Clayton established a guesthouse above Main Beach. Guests arrived at Amity Point by launch and were collected by him by car and taken back to the guesthouse either along the beach, or at high tide, along a track beside the swamp adjacent to the beach. Clayton&#39;s guests were accommodated in tents with timber floors that later evolved into tent-like huts with concrete walls and fibrous cement roofs.</p><br>
<p>Land was surveyed and offered for sale by the Department of Lands. Most of the blocks sold were situated between the guesthouse and the lighthouse reserve with another small area on the hill behind Cylinder Beach. The land offered for sale was well away from the foreshores and wilderness areas, which were protected from development and made into a Reserve for Camping and Recreation.</p><br>
<p>In 1935 Hayles Cruises started a regular launch service from Brisbane to Amity Point. This allowed campers and others to visit the Point and encouraged some permanent and weekend settlement. Growth was modest and was halted by World War II when the area was occupied by American and Australian forces and placed out of bounds to civilians.</p><br>
<p>After the war, which had little long-term impact on the area, the Point returned to being a holiday place. It was still difficult to access, requiring a three-hour launch trip from Brisbane and a bus trip over Claytons rough track from Amity. Building at Point Lookout was difficult as all materials had to be transported from Brisbane by the same route. Some small permanent houses or huts were built mainly for holiday accommodation. A census taken in 1948 showed that the population consisted of 40 permanent residents, 20 holidaymakers in houses and 30 guests at the Samarinda Guest house, the name given by new owners to Claytons Guest House. A new Clayton&#39;s Guest House was constructed behind Cylinder Beach.</p><br>
<p>The Benevolent Institution at Dunwich closed in 1947 and the area opened for settlement. In 1955 Stradbroke Island was made part of the Redland Shire and shortly thereafter a rough road was constructed linking Dunwich, Amity Point and Point Lookout. In 1957 a barge service was commenced from Redland Bay to Dunwich that allowed regular vehicular access to the island.</p><br>
<p>Point Lookout experienced an increase in growth and easier access brought it to the attention of the popular press, with numerous articles appearing in newspapers. Increased interest and demand for holiday housing led to the release of more sites for sale by the Department of Lands in the 1970s and 1980s. Growth since has been steady, but development has been small scale and mainly domestic. The Reserve has remained largely intact, although some land was resumed for subdivision in the 1970s and some development is now visible from the beaches.</p><br>
<p>Point Lookout headland has become a whale watching lookout and a point for observation of passing sea birds. It is a popular place to observe fish, turtles, porpoises, sharks and other marine life. A special vantage point is the headland overlooking Frenchman&#39;s Beach that affords good views of the water below.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>This area comprises the whole of the Scenic, Recreational and Camping Reserve at Point Lookout, reserves for Life Savers at Cylinder Beach and Main Beach, the Reserve for Camping near Kennedy Drive.</p><br>
<p>Point Lookout reserve is a large area of natural bush between the main East Coast Road and the ocean and consists of the rocky headland known as the Point and three small beaches enclosed by rocky headlands and steep vegetated hillsides. All three beaches, Frenchmans, Deadmans and Cylinder Beach, have outstanding scenic coastal landscapes, both as seen from vantage points above and from within the beach landscape.</p><br>
<p>Frenchman&#39;s Beach is particularly notable for its scenic value, its scale and intactness and minimal development visible from the beach. A timber staircase leads from the main road to the beach and provides vistas of the beach and the coastal vegetation behind it. This vegetation is extensive and reaches up the high dunes to the road. At the bottom of the high dunes there is a large area of smaller sparsely vegetated dunes that contain depositions of volcanic ash.</p><br>
<p>Cylinder Beach lies crescent shaped between rocky headlands, backed by natural vegetation behind the beach and on the headlands. Some of the vegetation behind the beach itself has been removed in past years to provide car parking and camping facilities, although sufficient remains to screen the development on the hills behind the beach. The vegetation on the southern-most headland, Cylinder Headland, is particularly dense and screens a church and other development along Hopewell Street.</p><br>
<p>Cylinder Beach faces north and is the most popular swimming beach at Point Lookout. The beach often has a lagoon, which is a popular place for children to swim. Cylinder Headland is used as a vantage point to watch the surfers and the swimmers on the beach and to view Shag Rocks and Moreton Island, which can be seen in the distance. Deadmans Beach lis between Frenchmans and Cylinder Beaches and is also contained by rocky headlands. Some housing development can be seen from the beach above the rocky cliffs and trees at the northern edge of the beach. The remainder of the beach has a dense backdrop of natural vegetation. The southern end of the beach consists of a series of rocky outcrops that contain numerous rock pools. The area behind this part of the beach consists of high dunes and a rocky cliff. The cliff known as Camel Rock is composed of rhyolitic volcanic rock that is heavily fractured and contorted. Where the cliffs join Frenchman&#39;s Beach they have eroded in part to form a cave of reasonable size. The high dunes are mostly vegetated, but in one area a large dune is denuded and consists of a large sand drift that is a popular play area for children.</p><br>
<p>South of these beaches is a large headland which is the main topographic feature of Point Lookout. It is composed of high rhyolitic cliffs that jut into the ocean. They form a landscape of steep sided narrow gorges, with rock shelves and rocky inlets. The two main inlets are North and South Gorge.</p><br>
<p>The headland presents vistas from a walking track that follows the top of the cliffs from the site of the old camping and recreation area above South Gorge. The immediate view is of the Gorge and its swimming beach, and of Main Beach and Eighteen Mile Swamp to the south. Further to the east, the track provides panoramic views of the ocean and of Whale Rock with its blowhole. The track winds around North Gorge where there are views of waves breaking on rocks and of the narrow sand inlet at the base of the Gorge. The path then climbs to the headland overlooking Frenchman&#39;s Beach and back to the main East Coast Road. The whole walk is about one kilometre long.</p><br>
<p>The indigenous Casuarina and Pandanus trees dominate the headland vegetation and Banksia and Brush Box the hillsides and more protected parts of the Reserve headland area. While much of the original understorey species have been replaced over time with intrusive garden plants, on the Point Lookout headland most of the grass cover and some of the native shrubs remain.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Point Lookout Foreshore was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 27 August 2004 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Point Lookout foreshore is significant for the rarity and importance of the cliffs to the understanding and appreciation of geology in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The foreshore is important for its outstanding natural beauty, offering a wide variety of land and seascape elements and views. The foreshore with its outlooks to the north and south consists of a series of beaches, rocky headlands, gorges and rocks, areas of diverse vegetation and rugged water edges of rock ledges, blowholes, tunnels and reefs. It is an area of great diversity and aesthetic complexity and offers panoramic views of the ocean.</p><br>
<p>The Point Lookout foreshore is valued by the indigenous community of North Stradbroke Island for social, cultural and spiritual reasons and has social significance as a holiday place of long standing both with inhabitants of Stradbroke Island and with those who have been regular visitors.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The Point Lookout foreshore is significant for the rarity and importance of the cliffs and sea caves in the Triassic rhyolites at Point Lookout to the understanding and appreciation of geology in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The foreshore is important for its outstanding natural beauty, offering a wide variety of land and seascape elements and views. The foreshore with its outlooks to the north and south consists of a series of beaches, rocky headlands, gorges and rocks, areas of diverse vegetation and rugged water edges of rock ledges, blowholes, tunnels and reefs. It is an area of great diversity and aesthetic complexity and offers panoramic views of the ocean.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The Point Lookout foreshore is valued by the indigenous community of North Stradbroke Island for social, cultural and spiritual reasons and has social significance as a holiday place of long standing both with inhabitants of Stradbroke Island and with those who have been regular visitors.</p><br>
<p>The Račna Karst Field  is a karst field in the northern edge of the Lower Carniolan karst area, south of Grosuplje, Slovenia. It has rich natural and cultural value. Because of its ecological significance, it is anticipated that a nature park will be established there and that it will be included in the Natura 2000 program.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The Račna Karst Field is named after the settlements of Velika Račna and Mala Račna. The local adjective form radenski (as well as the demonym Radenc) are based on the older form of the settlements&#39; name.</p><br>
<h2>Research</h2><br>
<p>Researchers started studying the Račna Karst Field during construction of the railroad to Kočevje in 1893. During this period, several karst caves in the Ribnica–Kočevje karst region were discovered and explored. One of the pioneers of such research was Pavel Kunaver, who wrote about the area in 1922, as well as the photographers Bogumil Brinšek, Josip Kunaver, and Ivan Tavčar. The geographers Drago Meze and Ivan Gams wrote more detailed studies of the area in 1977 and 1986. The botanical features of the karst field were explored by Luka Pintar in 1991. The last major study was carried out in 2000 by the Fauna and Flora Cartography Center (Center za kartografijo favne in flore), commissioned by the local municipality.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Račna Karst Field lies in an area with Dinaric-oriented ridges; it is approximately 4 km long and 1 km wide, and has a total area of 4 km&sup2;. It lies at an elevation of 325 m.</p><br>
<p>The karst field has a bowl-like shape with a level floor and a distinctly higher margin, and water enters it from the karst underground. Many other karst features are present in the karst field, such as springs, sinkholes, and estavelles. The karst field has three different watercourses; the Dobravka River flows from a non-karst area, whereas Zelenka Creek and Šica Creek are true karst streams. Kopanj Hill, an isolated dolomite hill 70 m high, rises in the middle of the karst field and is a unique example of such a feature in a Slovene karst area. The floor of the karst field is covered in alluvial clay 5 m to 10 m deep, deposited on relatively pure Jurassic limestone. Only a few patches of the surface are composed of Triassic dolomite, which is more or less impermeable. During the Pleistocene, the Račna Karst Field was a lake and water drained from it into the karst underground through what are now dry inflow caves higher on the slopes at the edge of the area. At that time, Kopanj Hill was an island in the lake.</p><br>
<p>The hydrology of the area consists mainly of three rivers. The Dobravka River is a continuation of two non-karst streams: Grosupeljščica Creek and Podlomščica Creek. It meanders for nearly 1 km through the karst field and then disappears into the ground. Both of the true karst streams, Zelenka Creek and Šica Creek, originate at karst springs on the edge of the karst field and then flow across it from the west toward the east. Zelenka Creek meanders through the karst field for 2 km and is dry during periods of drought. Šica Creek is fed by two springs at its source and meanders for 3 km. During flooding all three watercourses flow together and flow into Inlet Cave (Zatočna jama) at the southeast end of the karst field. Sometimes, when the water does not drain quickly enough, a karst lake forms, reaching as far as the first houses in Velika Račna. The road connecting the region to Grosuplje also often floods, and on 24 October 1993 a flood lasting three weeks flooded the fire station in Velika Račna. All of the water that drains on the east edge of the karst field flows underground to Krka Cave, the source of the Krka River, which is about 5 km away as the crow flies. Because water covers potential farmland for part of the year, barriers have been built at both sinkholes into Inlet Cave to catch branches and other debris and allow the water to drain faster. Karst hydrology studies have shown that narrow areas in the depths of the cave that are inaccessible to human exploration are a significant factor in the speed of drainage through the sinkholes.</p><br>
<p>The Račna Karst Field has several estavelles (locally known as a retje, derived from vretje gushing spring). The largest of these are the Srednjice and Kote estavelles. Another characteristic feature of this karst field is depressions (locally known as a močilo, literally pond, puddle) that retain water throughout the entire year. They are important for aquatic flora and fauna, and also function as a water resource for other animals in the karst field during droughts.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The Račna Karst Field has several habitats, some of which are significant at the European level. The land is predominantly grassland, with patches of woods and brush here and there. Brush is especially present along the river channels, along with areas covered in sedge or rushes. Spring flowers include the bog violet (Viola uliginosa), snake&#39;s head fritillary (Fritillaria meleagris), summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum), spotted orchid (Dactylorhiza spp.), and marsh orchid (Orchis palustris). Specimens of marsh lousewort (Pedicularis palustris) and march gentian (Gentiana pneumonanthe) are still present but in decline, and due to fertilizer use the oblong-leaved sundew (Drosera intermedia) and white beak-sedge (Rhynchospora alba) have disappeared in the last decade. The area is also a habitat for the swamp cinquefoil (Potentilla palustris) and bogbean (Menyanthes trifoliata), and in some drier areas there are also less hygrophilous plants.</p><br>
<p>Experts from the Fauna and Flora Mapping Center (Center za kartografijo favne in flore) have extensively studied the area&#39;s fauna. They recorded 27 species of dragonflies, five of which are threatened. Dragonflies can especially be found in areas with slowly flowing water. There are 68 species of butterflies, of which 14 are threatened. The ecological significance of the Račna Karst Field is highlighted by the fact that 12 of the total 19 species of amphibians in Slovenia are also found here. Some of these are killed in large numbers by cars every spring when they cross the local road to their spawning area. Seventy-eight species of birds nesting here have also been inventoried, as well as two species that only pass through; 24 of these species are on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The threatened European otter (Lutra lutra) can be found in places on the northern edge of the karst field.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural heritage</h2><br>
<p>The ruins of medieval Boštanj Castle stand immediately before entering the Račna Karst Field. It was plundered and burned by the Partisans on 12 September 1943. St. Martins Church, a chapel of ease, stands at the foot of the hill below the castle. Kopanj Hill, an isolated elevation that commands a strategic position and served as a refuge for the locals in prehistory and during Ottoman incursions, is a popular excursion destination and a cultural site. Assumption Church at the top of the hill was first mentioned in written sources in 1433. During the 19th century Jožef Prešeren, uncle of the Slovene poet France Prešeren, served as a curate at the church. A branch school of the Grosuplje Primary School also stands on the hill and has operated since 1865. The northern slope of Kopanj Hill is the site of Marys Spring (Marijin studenček), which folk belief has endowed with supernatural power. The spring is said to go dry only during times of great catastrophes (e.g., during the Second World War). The village at the foot of the hill, Velika Račna, also has cultural historical value, and features a large Baroque chapel that was created under the administration of Čušperk Castle.</p><br>
<p>The Pila Historic Town Center is a historic district located at Barangay Santa Clara Norte, Pila, Laguna, Philippines. The district preserves examples of Spanish and American-era architecture found in its town proper laid out with the Spanish colonial town planning system for the Indies and is also a pre-Hispanic archaeological site. The National Historical Institute  declared a specific portion of Pila as a National Historical Landmark in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Rationale for Declaration as Historic Town Center</h2><br>
<p>The NHI board resolution cites several reasons for the declaration of certain areas in downtown Pila as National Historical Landmark:</p><br>
<p>The present-day town of Pila is a pre-Hispanic center of culture and trade in the Laguna area as proven by clay potteries unearthed in an archaeological site in Pinagbayanan in 1967</p><br>
<p>Spaniards used to refer to Pila as La Noble Villa de Pila in reference to its well-mannered citizens and rich culture</p><br>
<p>As of writing, Pila is one of the few, existing towns in the Philippines following the Spanish colonial town planning system with the town center being the plaza complex surrounded by government and religious infrastructure; and</p><br>
<p>Pila features a collection of well-preserved of Spanish and American-era houses, government structures, and church.</p><br>
<h2>Declared Areas</h2><br>
<p>According to the board resolution, the following streets in Brgy. Santa Clara Norte are identified as part of Pila Historic Town Center:</p><br>
<h2>Notable Built Heritage</h2><br>
<p>The Loriu Plateau is an elevated Precambrian bedrock exposure at the southwest margin of Lake Turkana in Kenya. The plateau is only seasonally habitable due to aridity and was once home to fauna otherwise rare in Turkana. Loriu is west of and adjacent to the Barrier Volcano at the southernmost portion of Lake Turkana.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Loriu is bounded by Lake Turkana to the east, Kapedo to the south, the Kerio River to the west, and Kerio River delta to the north. The plateau is 64 kilometers running from north to south, approximately 8 kilometers wide, and is capped by Tertiary volcanic lava flows. The western margin of Loriu rises gradually while the eastern margin is defined by a fault scarp more than 366 meters high in some locations. The maximum altitude of the plateau is 1,463 meters.</p><br>
<h2>Animal and plant life</h2><br>
<p>The Turkana basin was previously home to a great diversity and number of animal species, many of which became the basis for names of both places and people in the region. A number of wild animals no longer found in the wider Turkana Basin, including oryx, greater kudu and ostrich, were found in the Loriu Plateau during early expeditions by outsiders.</p><br>
<p>Loriu includes a heterogeneous plant community with acacia trees, bush and sparse grassland. Portions of the plateau are too steep for vegetation.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Precambrian basement rock biotite-gniesses that form the underlying structure of Loriu were exposed during the plateau&#39;s formation through up faulting and tilting of the basement rock. These layers are clearly visible and form a major part of the stratigraphy of the Mugor scarp on the eastern edge of the plateau. Because of the gradual slope of the western plateau, Loriu is most likely not a horst.</p><br>
<p>Lavas capping Loriu are dated to the Pliocene, according to the East African Geological Research Unit. These lavas are primarily aphyric basalts, are grayish in color, trachytic in texture and composed of olivine. Other basalts contain olivine and pyroxene phenocrysts. To the west are a few mafic porphyritic basalts and possibly older Miocene basalts cut by dykes and faults. Olivine nephelinite has been collected near these basalts.</p><br>
<p>The southern margin of Loriu is also bounded by a major volcanic group around the Lomi caldera.</p><br>
<p>Serpentine Creek Road Cemetery is a heritage-listed cemetery at 398-408 Serpentine Creek Road, Redland Bay, City of Redland, Queensland, Australia. It was established in 1890 and operated until 1945. It is also known as Redland Bay Cemetery and South Redland Bay Cemetery. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 January 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Serpentine Creek Road Cemetery was established in 1890 as the Redland Bay Cemetery, serving the farming community of Redland Bay and nearby Mount Cotton and Gramzow (now Carbrook). It closed, but remains a Cemetery Reserve under the trusteeship of Redland City Council.</p><br>
<p>Land in the Redland Bay district, which extends from south of Cleveland to the lower Logan River district, and from the bay about 3 miles west to Mount Cotton, was taken up for closer settlement under the Cotton Regulations of 1860 and the Coffee and Sugar Regulations of 1864. There was also heavy logging of the valuable cedar and beech stands at this period. By the mid-1870s Redland Bay was well known as a sugar district, dominated by the Redland Bay Sugar Plantation. This had been established by the Newton family in the 1860s and by 1870 was the principal sugar cultivator and employer in the district. However, much of the land at Redland Bay had been taken up by speculators in the 1860s – by 1871 there were only a dozen or so Redland Bay farms (exclusive of the Redland Bay Plantation) and 1 farm at Mount Cotton, supporting a total population of 40. More extensive farming at Redland Bay did not develop until the 1880s, when boom prices encouraged the sale of land to farmers.</p><br>
<p>By the early 1880s, sugar cultivation at Redland Bay and Mount Cotton had mostly succumbed to competition from north Queensland, although the Heinemann family at Mount Cotton continued to grow sugar on a substantial scale until the turn of the century. By the late 1880s, Redland Bay had emerged as a prosperous fruit-growing district – principally bananas, oranges and pineapples, with passionfruit a successful 20th century crop. Redland Bay State School was opened at the beginning of 1886, and Redland Bay farmers were the first in the district to erect a School of Arts (a substantial timber building opened in August 1889). In 1889 their farmhouses were described as "large roomy wooden houses of pleasing designs... and... in front of almost every house is a well stocked and neat flower garden".</p><br>
<p>In the early 1870s the densely scrubbed Mount Cotton district had been taken up by mainly German immigrants, who in 1875 erected St Paul&#39;s Lutheran Church at the intersection of what became known as the German Church Road and the Mount Cotton Road. They established a burial ground adjacent to the Church (now known as Carbrook Lutheran Cemetery), and the majority of the graves in this cemetery are those of the German pioneers of the Gramzow and Mount Cotton areas and those of their descendants. However, this cemetery did not serve the needs of the wider farming community. It was some miles over badly formed roads from Redland Bay, and it was a Lutheran cemetery.</p><br>
<p>In September 1889 the Tingalpa Divisional Board, on behalf of the residents of Redland Bay, Gramzow and district, made application to the Lands Department of the Queensland Government for the reservation of portion 84a, parish of Redland (about 20 acres), as a Cemetery Reserve. 5 acres of this was gazetted as a cemetery (R.219) in February 1890, and five Redland Bay farmers (Frederick Muller, James Collins, Edward Heinemann, James Moore and Daniel James Collins) were appointed trustees in May 1890. Muller and DJ Collins were also members of the Tingalpa Divisional Board, and Edward Heinemann was the brother of the chair of the 1889 Tingalpa Divisional Board, Hans Heindrich Heinemann of Mount Cotton, and later served on the Tingalpa Shire Council. Several of the cemetery trustees were also on the committees of the Redland Bay School of Arts and the Redland Bay State School.</p><br>
<p>The chosen site lay on the road from Redland Bay to Gramzow on the Logan (now Serpentine Creek Road), about half-way between the two districts, in southern Redland Bay. It does not appear to have been farmed prior to reservation, and was heavily timbered with gum, casuarina (she-oak), bloodwood and grass tree, with mahogany and turpentine interspersed. It is not known how much of the 5 acres was cleared for cemetery purposes.</p><br>
<p>The 1890 cemetery reserve was known as the Redland Bay Cemetery, and remained the only public cemetery in the district for about 18 years. By the early 1900s, however, it was considered too inconveniently distant and "desolate" for many in the Redland Bay community. In September 1907, Councillor PP Outridge of Tingalpa Shire Council offered to donate a block of 22 acres at Gordon Street, close to the township of Redland Bay, conditional upon 5 acres being used for cemetery purposes, and the remainder for public recreation. The offer was accepted by the Council, despite the refusal of the trustees of the existing Redland Bay Cemetery on Serpentine Creek Road, to relinquish their trusteeship.</p><br>
<p>Title to the Gordon Street land passed to the Council in late 1907 and a 5-acre cemetery was established on the site, with the first burial taking place early in February 1908. To avoid confusion with the Redland Bay Cemetery at Serpentine Creek Road, the new cemetery was known as the North Redland Cemetery from March 1909. Only four interments were removed from Redland Bay Cemetery and re-interred at North Redland Cemetery – 1 in 1908, 1 in 1923, and 2 in 1929 – and the two Redland Bay cemeteries continued to operate in tandem for some decades. By August 1925 the 1890 cemetery was known as the South Redland Bay Cemetery, when Edward Heinemann of Redland Bay, one of the original trustees of the Redland Bay Cemetery, was interred there. The cemetery was closed, and by the late 1970s part of the reserve was being used for grazing purposes.</p><br>
<p>In 1908 James Moore had resigned as a Trustee of the Redland Bay Cemetery, and had been replaced by another local farmer, Albert Muller. Despite the passing of the original trustees, no further change of trustees was officially recorded until, following public petition that the place be conserved, control of the cemetery reserve passed to the Redland Shire Council in 1977. Grazing on the reserve ceased at this point.</p><br>
<p>In 1995, the old cemetery on Serpentine Creek Road was identified in the Redland Heritage Study as a place of local and regional significance. Recently the local community, with assistance from Redland Shire Council, has undertaken work on clearing the grounds, identifying grave sites, recording information from the surviving headstones, and establishing a botanical inventory. Following a 1997 fire, which destroyed much of the casuarina forest on the site, substantial re-growth of other indigenous species has occurred.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Serpentine Creek Road Cemetery is a 2.023 hectare (5 acre) cemetery reserve located on the eastern side of Serpentine Creek Road, just south of the intersection with Scenic Road, in southern Redland Bay. The reserve, rectangular in shape, runs east-west along a gravelly ridge, with farms on three sides and a frontage to Serpentine Creek Road. Being the only remnant forest on this side of Serpentine Creek Road, and sited on a rise, the place is prominently profiled on the horizon.</p><br>
<p>Several graves have been identified at the southwest corner of the site, near the road frontage. This area has been cleared of saplings and undergrowth, leaving naturally re-vegetated eucalypts and grasses. The remainder of the block is open woodland of principally casuarina, wattle and grass tree. There has been a high level of disturbance of the reserve through frequent fires and later grazing, which may account for the high proportion of more resilient casuarina and wattle at the expense of other indigenous species such as eucalypts and bloodwood. While there are no old-growth trees on the reserve, the original mix of species survives, and there is a particularly high diversity of indigenous flora, including one species of wildflower found only within the reserve. The vegetation mix is similar to that in the nearby Serpentine Creek Conservation Park, and, with so much of Redland Bay&#39;s indigenous vegetation lost to farming and encroaching residential development, remains important to the genetic exchange among plant species.</p><br>
<p>There is a wire and timber post fence along the northern end of the street frontage, but no perimeter fence around the graves. The burnt remnants of a post and top-rail fence, aligned east-west through the centre of the reserve, survive. These fences appear to be associated more with later grazing of the reserve than with the early cemetery.</p><br>
<p>There are just over a dozen identifiable graves, with names including Dittman, Doig, Fielding, Heinemann, Sinclair and Walker – all from early Redland Bay farming families. All the graves face east, aligned in several rows running north-south. It is not clear whether they have been arranged by religious division. Some headstones survive, bearing dates ranging from 1896 to 1909, and include the work of monumental masons W Bateson & Sons of South Brisbane, Andrew Lang Petrie of Toowong and J Simmonds of Brisbane. Nearly all the headstones and grave surrounds have been damaged. The most prominent memorial in the cemetery is that executed by AL Petrie – a sandstone obelisk, comprising plinth, shaft and column, with a marble plaque on the eastern face bearing the inscription: "In loving memory of Willie, only son of Wm and Eliza Fielding who was drowned in Redland Bay while attempting to save the life of others 30th Dec 1905 aged 18 years". Willie Fielding died in a boating accident involving a number of teenagers. He attempted to save the lives of others but tragically drowned himself. His body was not found for a number of days as he was eaten by a shark. His remains were buried on 8 January 1906 in a very largely attended funeral.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Serpentine Creek Road Cemetery was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 January 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Serpentine Creek Road Cemetery, established 1890, evidences the closer settlement of the Redland Bay district in the late 19th century, when it was established as a prosperous fruit-growing district. The small cemetery, set on the top of a ridge amid farm lands, is evocatively illustrative of the efforts of early, isolated farming communities to improve local facilities.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The place is significant also for its remnant and now uncommon indigenous vegetation mix, in a district which has been heavily farmed since the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The place has aesthetic value in its prominent skyline profile and in the rusticity of the few surviving grave sites, which contain several headstones and memorials, and grave surrounds in concrete and iron.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The place has strong significance for many families in the Redland Bay district, because of its association with their family history and with the establishment of their community.</p><br>
<p>Redland Bay State School Residence is a heritage-listed house at Gordon Road, Redland Bay, City of Redland, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Robert Ferguson and built in 1885 by Patrick Horisk. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 August 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This timber building was erected in 1885 as the residence for the first full-time Redland Bay School, which opened in January 1886. The contractor for the school and residence was Patrick Horisk, a member of Cleveland Divisional Board, who was also responsible for the erection of the playshed at Cleveland State School in 1883, and other buildings in the district.</p><br>
<p>Local histories record that agriculture was taking place in the Redland Bay area, approximately seven miles from Cleveland, from the late 1860s; rice and cotton described as the main crops. Following Louis Hope&#39;s experiments with sugar cane at Ormiston, a sugar growing enterprise that included a sugar mill was established by Richard Newton at Redland Bay. Newton later sold his land to William Dart. Fruit crops, particularly bananas, oranges/citrus and pineapples were cultivated at the southern end of the Bay area.</p><br>
<p>A Building Committee seeking the establishment of a half time school at Redland Bay, was elected at a public meeting held in September 1881, chaired by William Dart. The Committee&#39;s application was approved, and in December that year a part-time school was opened at Redland Bay, to be taught in conjunction with the half time school at Victoria Point. The Head Teacher of the school at Victoria Point was George Glenlyon. The Victoria Point School became a full-time school in May 1882, and the half time school at Redland Bay was closed. Another public meeting was held in March 1884, at which a Building Committee was again elected, and an application forwarded requesting the establishment of a state school at Redland Bay. The site proposed for the school was an area of 4 acres of land selected by William Dart that he offered to the Department of Public Instruction for just over £7 per acre.</p><br>
<p>Between 1879 and 1885 all school designs were prepared by the architect Robert Ferguson, who was Superintendent of School Buildings for the Department of Public Instruction. During that period the standard school design was a low-set, timber-framed, single-skinned building that had a gabled roof and wide verandahs. Departmental policy meant that residences were only provided in country areas. The standard residential design was a low-set, externally-clad stud-framed house that had a hipped or gabled roof and contained five rooms.</p><br>
<p>Horisks tender for the erection of the State School buildings was accepted in April 1885. Darts land was surveyed, and the school and teacher&#39;s residence were completed by December 1885. Classes at the school commenced in January 1886; the first principal was William Nuptial.</p><br>
<p>Improvements were undertaken to the residence in 1888 and 1889, including ceiling the kitchen and lining the walls. The residence was enlarged in 1898, at which time the building&#39;s sitting room was extended towards the southern end. Further additions and repairs were undertaken in 1914, involving the extension on the eastern side of the building.</p><br>
<p>The building ceased to be used as a residence in 1993, since which time it has been used by the school for both resource, storage and teaching areas.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Redland Bay State School is located off Gordon Road at Redland Bay, and consists of a number of timber buildings, including the early residence, an early school house and another early small timber shed.</p><br>
<p>The residence is an elevated timber framed and clad building, set on square stumps, with a timber battened valance to ground level. The building has a square plan, with verandahs on the southern and eastern facades, and an eight-room interior consisting of various generations of growth.</p><br>
<p>Generally the exterior of the building is clad with chamfered weatherboards, with simple framed windows. The corrugated iron roof features a double gable running north-south, with a discrete verandah awning on the southern elevation, and with the eastern verandah incorporated into the main roof of the building. Another gabled roof covering covers the early kitchen wing, running east west, abutting the northern end of the gabled section. An early brick chimney, incorporating an oven abuts the western end of the kitchen wing.</p><br>
<p>Access is given to the principal entrance of the building on the eastern facade, via the verandah and a simple straight open tread stair. The four panelled timber entrance door is flanked by six-pane vertical sash window opening. A different type of window frame, located to the south of this arrangement, indicates a later addition to that side of the building. The verandah is supported on square timber posts, with simple two rail balustrade with handrail, and this arrangement continues on the stair.</p><br>
<p>Internally the building is divided by timber partitioning into eight rooms. The timber lining throughout the building varies according to the building&#39;s growth. Some rooms have horizontal boarding while others are vertically placed. Decorative timber ceiling roses exist in the later rooms on the east side of the house. Internal doors are four panelled and have openable transom lights above. The bathroom, created by the partial enclosure of the verandah, is lined in fibrous cement sheeting and has hollow-core doors. Timber floorboards throughout the residence have been overlaid with carpet.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Redland Bay State School Residence was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 August 1997 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Redland Bay State School Residence, built in 1885, has its origins in the Redland Bay Half Time Provisional School established in 1881, and is important for providing evidence of the government&#39;s continuing policy of providing educational facilities for small communities that led to the development of education in Queensland. The residence is significant for reflecting a government policy of the time, whereby residences were built at country schools as a means of enticing teachers to rural areas and in recognition of the difficulty of obtaining suitable accommodation in the region.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Although many of these residences were constructed, the Redland Bay State School residence is rare as a surviving example of a residence still in its original location.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The house is important in demonstrating the characteristics of the standard government departmental design under the direction of architect John Ferguson, for late nineteenth century school residences.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The residence has a strong association with the Redland Bay community that, by prompting for the establishment of the school and contributing towards its development, provides evidence of their commitment to education.</p><br>
<p>Whepstead is a heritage-listed villa at Main Road, Wellington Point, City of Redland, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by architect Claude William Chambers and built in 1889 by Patrick Horisk. It is also known as Bay View Private Hospital and Fernbourne. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Whepstead, a large two-storeyed timber residence with a substantial attic, was constructed in 1889 for Gilbert Burnett JP, a Wellington Point landowner, sawmill proprietor, and member of the Cleveland Divisional Board. Originally called Fernbourne, the house was designed by Brisbane architect Claude William Chambers and constructed by Cleveland builder Patrick Horisk. When first erected, it was considered one of the finest houses in the district, with unrivalled views of sea, shore, headland and islands. Set in a very fine, well-established garden, Fernbourne replaced an earlier Burnett family home on the same site.</p><br>
<p>Burnett had emigrated from England to Queensland in 1866, aged 20 years. He married Martha Ann Dawson in the late 1860s and in the early 1870s first managed his father-in-laws sugar plantation at Tingalpa, then was employed as overseer at Ormiston House Estate, Louis Hopes sugar plantation near Cleveland. In April 1875 he acquired from Hope a seven-year lease, with an option to buy, on the bulk of the Ormiston estate west and north of Hilliards Creek near Wellington Point. This land he purchased from Hope in 1881.</p><br>
<p>Burnett called his Wellington Point estate Trafalgar Vale, developing it initially as a sugar plantation, dependent on indentured labour from the South Pacific Islands. He purchased Hopes sugar mill machinery and set up his own mill about a quarter of a mile west of Hilliards Creek. By mid-1883, Burnetts cane fields at Trafalgar Vale were well established, and he had operating the sugar mill (using the open-pan system which produced a dark sugar), a sawmill, and a bone-mill, the latter providing fertiliser for the cane. Burnett also was buying up local cane for crushing, and reportedly was considering ordering a large new vacuum pan to produce white sugar, which had proved highly successful in northern mills.</p><br>
<p>The sawmill at Trafalgar Vale was established initially to cut timber for extensions to Burnett&#39;s sugar mill, but local orders for milled hardwood had encouraged him to expand his sawmilling operations. Subsequently, political antipathy toward the indentured labour system and the potential expense of converting his sugar mill to the vacuum pan method, prompted Burnett to turn to sawmilling as his principal enterprise. By November 1884 he had ceased the cultivation and manufacture of sugar at Trafalgar Vale, and had established in its place what he claimed was the largest country sawmill in the colony.</p><br>
<p>Between mid-1883 and late 1884, planing and dressing machinery to work soft timbers such as pine, cedar and beech were acquired; the Eucalypta, an 85 ft long steamer, was built for Burnett to transport cypress pine from the Moreton Bay islands (Amity Point on Stradbroke Island, Coochiemudlo Island and Macleay Island) and hardwood from the Tweed Heads, Nerang, Coomera and Logan River districts to his mill, the timber being unloaded at Hilliards Creek; a wharf with a large overhead travelling crane was erected on the creek about 300 yards below the mill buildings; a tramway was laid to transport logs from the wharf to the mill (in 1885 the tramway was extended about three-quarters of a mile to give direct access to the bay); and an 8-ton boiler was installed to generate the steam to drive the horizontal saw, circular saws, planning machines and lathes, which could produce 40,000 feet of dressed timber a week. The South Pacific Islanders had gone. In November 1884, Trafalgar Vale sawmill employed about 40 non-indentured workers, most of whom lived in cottages near the mill. By 1889 the number of employees had risen to 50. Several of Burnett&#39;s sons also worked in the family business.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-1880s, Burnett entered into partnership with a number of Brisbane businessmen to subdivide much of the former Trafalgar Vale plantation as the Wellington Point Estate. The estate sold reasonably well, as the railway line was about to be extended to Wellington Point and on to Cleveland. Further subdivision and sales were made by the syndicate in the late 1880s, by which time the railway had arrived.</p><br>
<p>Gilbert Burnett was an important identity in the local community. He was a major employer of local labour, a Justice of the Peace, a member of the Tingalpa Divisional Board for many years, and first chairman of the Cleveland Divisional Board in 1885. In 1889, he replaced his earlier and more modest home with the large timber house now known as Whepstead, but initially called Fernbourne. Constructed of cypress pine supplied from the Trafalgar Vale sawmill, it was a large and flamboyant house with 14 rooms on three levels, designed to impress. The ground floor comprised drawing room, dining room, breakfast room, study, bathroom, pantries and wide entrance hall. From this hall a substantial timber staircase led to the first floor and the four principal bedrooms, all of which opened off a central hallway and onto wide, encircling verandahs with magnificent views of the surrounding country and out to Waterloo Bay and Moreton Bay beyond. Another staircase led from the first floor hall to two well-ventilated attic bedrooms. It is not clear whether any sections of the earlier house were incorporated into the new structure. In April 1889, architect Claude William Chambers had called tenders for alterations and additions in wood to a villa residence at Cleveland, and this is thought to refer to Fernbourne. Physical evidence suggests that the earlier kitchen wing was retained, but that the main part of the house was completely rebuilt.</p><br>
<p>In 1889, Fernbourne sat in a substantial garden of approximately 4.5 acres (1.8 hectares), which had been laid out in the mid-1870s in association with the first Burnett residence. The garden contained an established orchard and vineyard, flower beds, kitchen garden, ornamental shrubs and trees, bushhouses with ferns, orchids and palms, and several fountains of stone and rock work. One of the most substantial and aesthetically pleasing in a district renowned for its fine gardens, the Fernbourne garden was watered from a bore 100 ft deep, which fed a large tank on a stand 80 ft high, creating sufficient pressure to feed the baths and taps in the house and kitchen, as well as to operate the fountains. Within the grounds were the stabling, outhouses and a kitchen, all of which may have dated to pre-1889.</p><br>
<p>Fernbourne was built during the wave of boom-time investment and speculation which characterised the late 1880s, but in 1891, as the boom burst and the credit squeeze tightened, Burnett was declared insolvent. His fine new house, together with its grounds of just over 4.5 acres, was put up for auction in October 1891. Title was transferred a month later to Edward Robert Drury, general manager of the Queensland National Bank Ltd. When the Burnett family left Fernbourne, they erected a smaller house on the eastern side of the railway line at Wellington Point, still on part of their original Trafalgar Vale estate and near the sawmill. This, their third home in the Wellington Point area, they also named Fernbourne, and it is likely that the first Fernbourne was renamed Whepstead at this time - certainly it had acquired this name by 1909, when the house was up for sale.</p><br>
<p>Despite the insolvency, the Burnett family continued operation of the Trafalgar Vale sawmill until, when fire may have destroyed the mill. From 1899 to 1913, Gilbert Burnett, with his substantial knowledge of timbers and sawmilling, held a government position as a Ranger of Crown Lands in the Brisbane and Ipswich districts. He died at the second Fernbourne in 1925, and his name and those of his children are perpetuated in the names of the streets surrounding Whepstead.</p><br>
<p>After the Burnett family left the first Fernbourne (now Whepstead), there followed a succession of owners and lessees. In the late 1890s the house was occupied by James Vincent Chataway, Minister for Public Lands and Agriculture 1898-1901. Mrs Emilie OConnell, widow of Hon. William Henry Bligh OConnell, Secretary for Public Lands from 1899 until his death in 1903, appears to have occupied Whepstead from until it was purchased by pastoralist Edgar Gustav Parnell in 1911. The Parnell family resided at Whepstead until the mid-1930s, and reportedly made some changes to the grounds.</p><br>
<p>In 1943 Matron Ethel Dolley purchased the house and converted it into the Bay View Private Hospital. The grounds remained largely unaltered, but the house was sheathed in fibro, with louvre windows along the verandahs. A toilet block was erected post-1945. The property remained a hospital until 1973, when it reverted to a private residence. In 1977 the remaining land around Whepstead was subdivided, and the house on 5050 square metres was sold and refurbished as a restaurant. A number of owners since have maintained Whepstead as a restaurant and function centre.</p><br>
<p>The smaller Fernbourne was burned down in September 2012.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Whepstead is a large, two-storey with attic, chamferboard building sited on the crest of a low hill and surrounded by established gardens and mature trees, such as camphor laurels, palms and fig trees - including a large, very old Moreton Bay Fig tree on the adjoining property, which spreads over the southeast corner of the present Whepstead grounds, and is an integral element of the garden setting. Whepstead and its surviving grounds is a prominent landmark along the principal road to Wellington Point, and the second level of the house commands fine views of Waterloo Bay and Moreton Bay, and a 360 degree view of the surrounding landscape.</p><br>
<p>The house has a corrugated iron hipped roof with projecting gables and a central flat section surrounded by cast iron balustrade. The gables surmount bays to the east and south elevations. The building sits on timber stumps and is encircled by verandahs.</p><br>
<p>The roof has dormer windows with rounded gables and twisted terracotta chimney flues. The gables have cast iron infill panels with decorative timber work, including arched vents and brackets to the eaves. The verandahs have concave corrugated iron roofs, with the first floor having cast iron brackets, valance and balustrade and the ground floor having cast iron brackets, lattice valance panels and timber batten balustrade with sections of the ceiling being boarded and panelled.</p><br>
<p>The verandahs to the south have been enclosed to form a glassed in function room on the ground floor and access to additions which include toilets and store rooms. The ground floor verandah to the west has been enclosed as a corridor with the southern end featuring leadlight windows and being used as a function room.</p><br>
<p>A single-storeyed kitchen and service wing is attached to the northwest. This structure has a corrugated iron hipped roof with concave roofed verandahs which have been enclosed or screened for storage space.</p><br>
<p>French doors with fanlights open onto the verandahs. The foyer has a single panelled door with sidelights and fanlight and a carved timber staircase with turned balustrade. An arch leads to a central hallway with dining rooms and a lounge to either side. The lounge has an elaborate marble and carved timber fireplace, a timber bar has been installed and the walls have been papered. The east dining room has a marble fireplace and the south wall has been removed with the enclosed function room having a lower metal ceiling. Walls are of single skin vertically jointed boards, interior doors have fanlights and floors have been carpeted.</p><br>
<p>The first floor consists of an east banquet room with a marble fireplace and the rest of the floor has been opened up into one large function space. A steep carved timber staircase leads from the foyer area to the two attic rooms and central corridor. A ladder from this corridor provides access to the flat roof above via a metal hatch.</p><br>
<p>The grounds include a fenced in-ground concrete swimming pool and children&#39;s playground to the north and a timber gazebo with a sheet metal roof to the northeast. Extensive brick paving and landscaping surround the building with timber stages located at the southeast and west and a fountain to the east.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Whepstead was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Whepstead, erected in 1889, is important in illustrating the pattern of Queensland&#39;s history, being a rare surviving example of 1880s boom era architecture in the Redlands district, and a conscious expression of the confidence and pride in accomplishment engendered during that era.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Whepstead, erected in 1889, is important in illustrating the pattern of Queensland&#39;s history, being a rare surviving example of 1880s boom era architecture in the Redlands district, and a conscious expression of the confidence and pride in accomplishment engendered during that era.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The grounds may contain remnant evidence of the original 1870s-1880s layout and plantings, with potential to reveal important information about domestic horticulture and garden layouts at this period.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Some first floor internal walls have been removed, but the place remains sufficiently intact to be of importance in illustrating the principal characteristics of a large, ornate, timber residence of three levels. The house is also a good example of the early work of important Brisbane architect CW Chambers.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The aesthetically pleasing exterior of Whepstead, in its setting of large, mature trees and garden, makes a strong contribution to the Wellington Point townscape, and internally, the aesthetic quality and craftsmanship of the carved timber stair and joinery are of note. The fine views from and to the place are also of aesthetic importance.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The place has had an historical landmark quality in Brisbane&#39;s southern bayside suburbs for well over a century, which is valued by the local and Brisbane community as part of a unique heritage.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Whepstead house and grounds have a strong association with Gilbert Burnett and his important role in the development of Wellington Point in the last quarter of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The Madison Public Library is located at 12 Old Point Avenue in Madison, Maine. Built with funding support from Andrew Carnegie, it is one of the architecturally most unusual libraries in the state, with a distinctive octagonal tower and non-rectangular angled elements. It was designed by the local firm of Snow and Humphreys and completed in 1906. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The library is set at the southeast corner of Old Point Avenue and Pleasant Street, near the center of the main village of Madison. It is a single-story structure built of brick and stone, with Classical Revival features. The building is roughly triangular in shape, with two rectangular sections joined by an angled main facade that faces the street corner. The rectangular sections have standing-seam metal hip roofs, interrupted at the center by an octagonal tower, whose front-facing sections have diamond-pane windows, and which is encircled by a band of decorative brick corbelling.</p><br>
<p>The front facade has a recessed entry section with stone columns and brick pilasters flanking, and a band of corbelled brickwork below a stone balustrade. The interior of the building is arranged with reading rooms and stacks in the rectangular side wings.</p><br>
<p>The Madison Public Library was founded in 1886, and was housed in commercial spaces until this building was built in 1906, supported in part by an $8,000 grant from Andrew Carnegie. Designed by the local form of Snow and Humphreys, its tower and angled wings are distinctive features not seen in other libraries throughout the state.</p><br>
<p>Seawall Campground is a campground in Acadia National Park on Mount Desert Island off the coast of Maine. The campground offers four loops of campsites, including "drive-up" sites suitable for RVs and trailers, as well as walk-in tent-only campsites, and is open from late May into October. Much of the campground was built between 1936 and 1942 by crews of the Civilian Conservation Corps; this section is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The campground is located in the town of Southwest Harbor on Maine State Route 102A.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Seawall Campground is located on 120 acre of parkland near the southern end of the western lobe of Mount Desert Island, in a portion of Acadia National Park that is separated from the largest portion, which is on the island&#39;s eastern lobe. It is on the north side of Route 102A, the main loop road around the coast of that part of the island. The entrance road leads north to the checkin station, north of which four loops of campsites branch. Other public facilities include comfort stations with toilets and hot showers, and an amphitheater, while service facilities including park staff housing and other utility buildings.</p><br>
<p>Acadia National Park was established in 1916 as a National Monument and was designated a national park in 1919, the first in the United States park system located east of the Mississippi River. The first master plan for the park, published in 1927, included a call for campgrounds, but funding did not become available until the jobs programs of the 1930s. In 1935 the site of Seawall Campground was chosen, and construction began in 1936 by Civilian Conservation Corps crews funded by the Works Progress Administration. Loops A and B were the first to be built, using the park service&#39;s principles of Rustic design. They were completed by the end of season in 1937, except for the comfort station in Loop B, which was built in a subsequent season. Work continued on Loop C and the checkin/ranger station, but progress on these was delayed by US entry into World War II, and they were not finished until 1942. Loop D, which consists of walk-in tent campsites, and the amphitheater were built in the 1950s as part of a "Mission 66" program by the park service to expand facilities ahead of its fiftieth anniversary in 1966.</p><br>
<p>Blessington Street Basin  is a drinking reservoir in Dublin which operated from 1810 until the 1970s, serving the north city. It became a public park in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Blessington Street Basin was built in the early 19th century by Dublin Corporation. Construction began about 1803 and finished in 1810, the plant was opened as the Royal George Reservoir, named in honour of King George III. The basin is rectangular, about 120 m long and 60 m wide basin took about 4 million gallons (15.1 million litres) of water. The water came from Lough Owel in County Westmeath,</p><br>
<p>By 1869, the basin was not large enough for purpose, and water collection moved outside the city. There were worries about the stagnant water creating a typhoid outbreak in the late 1800s leading to the corporation wanting to fill in the basin and the stretch of water connecting the basin to the canal, this connection was finally filled in 1956.</p><br>
<h2>Refurbishment</h2><br>
<p>In 1993 work began on the restoration of the site following a rejected proposal to extensively refurbish it in 1991. It was reopened as a park on the 4 November 1994. The site also includes a lodge house built in a Tudor style in 1811, and another modern council building.</p><br>
<h2>Nature</h2><br>
<p>Since its restoration, the basin now serves as a bird habitat, with an artificial island and a number of fish. Amongst the birds that can be seen there are swans, tufted ducks, chaffinches, mallards and pigeons</p><br>
<p>Tyneham Cap is a prominent, grassy knoll, 167 m high, on the South West Coast Path in Dorset, England. It rises above Brandy Bay and has extensive views along the Jurassic Coast across Kimmeridge Bay towards Swyre Head and St Aldhelm&#39;s Head to the east, and across Worbarrow Bay to Bindon Hill above Lulworth Cove to the west. It is classified as a TuMP thanks to its local prominence.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Tyneham Cap lies within the danger area of Lulworth Ranges. To the south the terrain plunges over a steep rock face known as Gad Cliff into Brandy Bay on the English Channel. To the north is the east-west valley containing the abandoned village of Tyneham and the village of Steeple. On the far side of the valley is the main ridge of the Purbeck Hills rising to Povington Hill (191 m, NNW) and Ridgeway Hill (199m, NE). Much of the surrounding terrain is downland and rough pasture with small woods and copses in the valleys and on the hillsides. The nearest villages are Steeple to the northwest, just over a mile away, and Kimmeridge, about a mile and a half to the east.</p><br>
<p>The Jackson House is a historic house at 1617 North Jordan Lane in Fayetteville, Arkansas. It is a 2-1/2 story L-shaped brick building, three bays wide, with a cross gable roof and a single-story ell extending to the north. A single-story portico shelters the main entrance of the south-facing facade, supported by two square columns, with a balustrade above. A small round window is located in the gable end of the main facade. The east elevation (which faces the street, has two segmented-arch windows on each level. The house was built in 1866 by Columbus Jackson, whose family lineage is said to include President Andrew Jackson.</p><br>
<p>When the property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, the property included more than 20 acre of farmland as an integral part of the listing, as well as a number of outbuildings and the archaeological remains of a slave quarters. The property has now been subdivided, and the house stands in a modern subdivision.</p><br>
<p>Poolburn Reservoir, also known as Poolburn Dam, is a reservoir in Central Otago. Built during the Great Depression for irrigation but also as an employment initiative, the water is used by farmers in the Ida Valley.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir is located west of the Rough Ridge Range. Long Valley Creek feeds the reservoir, and the reservoir itself feeds the Pool Burn. The Pool Burn flows into the Ida Valley, combines with the Ida Burn, and breaks through the Raggedy Range as the Poolburn Gorge before flowing into the Manuherikia River.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>There is access to Poolburn Reservoir from either Omakau in the Manuherikia Valley (30 km) or from Oturehua in the Ida Valley (43 km). Since 2004, council staff fly in by helicopter to lock the mountainous roads each winter.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A deputation went to see the Minister of Labour and Transport, Bill Veitch, in March 1929 with regards to a proposal for an irrigation dam for the benefit of Ida Valley farmers. The United Government approved the scheme by September of that year, partially as an employment initiative during the Great Depression, and charged the Department of Public Works with its construction and put £71,823 into the 1930 budget. Preliminary work, including the construction of the access road from the Ida Valley, started in late 1929. The Minister of Public Works, William Burgoyne Taverner, reported in August 1930 that the excavation for the concrete arch dam had been filled to approximately ground level. Poolburn Reservoir was completed by late 1931. The reservoir is located on the Old Dunstan Road and the flooded area had five hotels.</p><br>
<p>The concrete arch dam is about 100 ft high and 480 ft long at the dam&#39;s crest. Approximately 14,000 cubic yards of concrete were used to construct the dam. During construction, scaffolding collapsed resulting in seven men sustaining injuries, with two men initially in critical condition. In June 1931, one worker died from a fall at the site.</p><br>
<p>Today, the dam is administered by the Ida Valley Irrigation Company. When full, the reservoir covers over 300 hectare. Poolburn Reservoir and Poolburn Dam are alternative names for the same body of water.</p><br>
<h2>Usage</h2><br>
<p>Brown trout and rainbow trout were introduced into the reservoir, but only brown trout remain. The other aquatic species that can be caught is the New Zealand freshwater crayfish koura.</p><br>
<p>Poolburn Reservoir was used to depict Rohan in The Lord of the Rings film trilogy.</p><br>
<p>There are many baches around the reservoir. An application to subdivide a 902 hectare land holding for housing was withdrawn just prior to the hearing, as the commissioner for the Central Otago District Council had recommended for consent to be refused.</p><br>
<p>United Welsh Church is a heritage-listed church at 6 Thomas Street, Blackstone, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Samuel Shenton and built in 1886 by Worley & Whitehead. It is also known as Welsh Chapel and Welsh Union Church. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The United Welsh Church was built in 1886; it was designed by Ipswich builder/architect Samuel Shenton and constructed by Ipswich contractors Worley and Whitehead. The land was donated by coal-mine owner Lewis Thomas who also helped finance the church.</p><br>
<p>Lewis Thomas had begun to mine coal at Blackstone in the 1860s. In 1883, a group of Welsh people, formerly slate miners from Blaenau Ffestiniog, arrived in Blackstone to work for Thomas. Shortly after their arrival, they held a Protestant church service under a mulberry tree on the banks of Bundamba Creek. They agreed that Welsh nationality took priority over minor sectarian differences and formed a Welsh Church. The first combined service was held in a church hall in the nearby suburb of Newtown on 19 July 1883. Lewis Thomas then allowed use of a cottage in Blackstone for services. As the number of Welsh immigrants grew, this became too small and Thomas donated land for a church. The church building opened officially on 16 October 1886 with a tea-meeting and concert.</p><br>
<p>Early undated photographs show the church with exposed stud frame external walls; the walls are now chamferboard. It is not known when this work was carried out but it was at least by the 1930s. The building was painted and new seats were made in 1892, the work supervised by architect George Brockwell Gill who had taken over Shenton&#39;s practice. The toilets on the northern side were built. The front windows, originally louvred, have been replaced with glass. The church was inundated to the level of the top windows in the 1893 flood, destroying the organ and early church records, and to a few centimetres above floor level in the 1974 flood.</p><br>
<p>A number of historic photographs, memorials and memorabilia have been placed on display in the main body of the church and in the rear meeting room. A war memorial honour board was installed in 1917 and a plaque was installed in 1986 to honour the centenary of the Cambrian Choir. A pair of glass and cedar doors bearing the name "Brynhyfryd" etched in the glass were installed as a screen inside the entry following the demolition of Lewis Thomas&#39; mansion Brynhyfryd in the 1930s. A cedar fireplace surround from the mansion has been converted into a combined Welsh pioneers/World War II memorial. Leadlight windows depicting Welsh dragons were presented by the St David Society.</p><br>
<p>The church was known as the Welsh Union Church in the early years but was being called the United Welsh Church by the early 20th century. The church has been controlled by trustees but is currently (1997) in the process of becoming incorporated. In the early years, a full-time minister was appointed but a part-time minister now conducts a weekly service.</p><br>
<p>The church has been a centre for community social life with activities including church teas, clubs, eisteddfodau and hymn festivals. Early church services were held in Welsh, and in the present day, some hymns are still sung in a mixture of Welsh and English, while Sunday School children are taught a few words of Welsh. The first Gymanfa Ganu (hymn festival) was held in 1902 and is still a biennial event.</p><br>
<p>An eisteddfod (a traditional music, literary and speaking competition) was held in the church on New Year&#39;s Day, 1887, a few months after the church was opened. A local choir was formed to contest this eisteddfod and is still operating as the Blackstone-Ipswich Cambrian Choir. Subsequent eisteddfodau were held in the church or in the Ipswich School of Arts as interest in the eisteddfod movement grew. In 1888, a Brisbane choir entered the competition and a Brisbane eisteddfod was then held in 1889. These inter-city competitions eventually grew to become the Queensland Eisteddfod, still contested every Easter. A junior eisteddfod and a Silkstone Eisteddfod are still held annually in Ipswich.</p><br>
<p>This is the only Welsh Church in Queensland and it is thought that there are only three others in Australia - in Sydney, Melbourne and Western Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>This modest timber church has a rectangular nave and sanctuary with rear vestry forming a simple "T" plan form. A contemporary skillion-roofed toilet block is constructed on the northern side.</p><br>
<p>Walls are of timber stud frame, now clad in chamferboard; the timber floor is supported on concrete stumps and the comparatively low-pitched gable roof is clad in corrugated galvanised iron. A front entrance porch with separate gable roof has a decorative fretwork pediment infill. Above the porch is a centrally-placed timber fixed ventilator window with a pointed head. The balustrading to the front steps is wrought iron.</p><br>
<p>The side windows of the church are pivoting timber casements. The front windows are framed externally in unusual projecting decorative timber hoods.</p><br>
<p>The interior feature some fine cedar joinery in the sanctuary area and liturgical fitments including a silky oak minister&#39;s chair. The timber pews have decorative ends bearing pew numbers. A pair of leadlight windows featuring the Welsh dragon are above the doors in the rear wall leading into the vestry/meeting room. The walls display several timber plaques and memorials.</p><br>
<p>A continuous open-fretwork ventilator runs the full length of the nave walls immediately below the roof springing point. The ceiling is boarded and has iron tie-rod roof trusses.</p><br>
<p>The rear vestry/meeting room is a large rectangular room with framed photographs and other memorabilia decorating the walls.</p><br>
<p>The grounds contain a very large camphor laurel tree on the northern side and two rock monuments, one bearing a centenary plaque and one a piece of rock from the site of the mansion "Brynhyfryd".</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>United Welsh Church, Blackstone was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1886, the United Welsh Church is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland&#39;s history, in particular the pattern of immigration of Welsh families to coalmining areas in Queensland in the 1880s and the subsequent introduction of Welsh customs such as the Eisteddfod which remain part of Queensland cultural life.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The church is the only Welsh Church in Queensland and appears to be one of only four in Australia.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The interior contains historic photographs, memorials, plaques and memorabilia and yields information about Welsh customs and culture maintained in an Australian context.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The simple traditional form of the exterior and its associated large camphor laurel tree have landmark qualities near Bundamba Creek at the approach to the suburb of Blackstone.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The simple traditional form of the exterior and its associated large camphor laurel tree have landmark qualities near Bundamba Creek at the approach to the suburb of Blackstone.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>As a venue for church services, social events and eisteddfodau, the place has been closely associated with the social, cultural and spiritual life of Blackstone and of the wider Queensland community since 1886.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>T. Rees Thomas, Congregational minister attended this church in his youth</p><br>
<p>Booval House is a heritage-listed detached house at 14 Cothill Road, Booval, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1857 by William Hancock and extended in 1896 to a design by George Brockwell Gill. It is also known as St Gabriel&#39;s Convent. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 August 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Booval House is a two-storey brick house built in the 1850s for George Faircloth, manager of the Bank of Australasia in Ipswich. The builder was William Hancock and the architect was probably William Wakeling.</p><br>
<p>In December 1859, Faircloth stated in a testimonial that architect William Wakeling had been engaged by him privately, as well as being engaged for supervision of St Paul&#39;s Anglican Church. This private commission was most probably Booval House.</p><br>
<p>The house was completed by at least 20 December 1859 when Queensland Governor George Bowen stopped there for refreshments and a change of clothing at the start of his first visit to Ipswich. It was the first major house in the Booval area.</p><br>
<p>In October 1853, Faircloth was transferred to Ipswich to pen the first northern branch of the Bank of Australasia. He purchased Booval Estate lands ( 310 acres) from Charles Daveney in February 1856. The country estate was 3 miles form Ipswich Town</p><br>
<p>In the 1850s, Faircloth had invested in Moggill Coal Mine, in collaboration with John Panton, Henry Buckley, Louis Hope and Frederick Bigge. Flooding and exhaustion of coal led to closure of the mine and the company was wound up in 1861.</p><br>
<p>This may have been a factor in Fairclothss later loss of Booval House, but perhaps of greater significance was his dealings as bank manager. In 1855 he was cautioned by the banks superintendent because he had exceeded the banks lending limits. This related especially to lending money to Joseph Fleming, the founder of a large industrial village ( Bremer Mills) on the Bremer River at Bundamba. By 1859, Fleming had borrowed 30,000 Pounds, half of the banks cash. In 1860, Faircloth was warned again by the Superintendent but Faircloth continued to provide advances. By December 1861, the cash account at Ipswich had run up to 200,000 Pounds. By July 1962, Faircloth was dismissed, resulting in the loss of his 900 Pounds salary. Fleming&#39;s Mills were sold by the Bank of Australasia</p><br>
<p>Faircloth then took over the business of Walter Gray & Co, but that also failed.</p><br>
<p>Of note is that Faircloth mortgaged Booval Estate to the (then) Bank of Queensland in 1860.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1860s, many Ipswich people started cotton plantations to take advantage of a world-wide shortage caused by the American Civil War. Faircloth grew cotton on much of the 40 acres surrounding his house. Adjacent to his land was that of the Ipswich Cotton Company under its chairman John Panton; Faircloth sold portion of his farm ,in 1861, to the Ipswich Cotton Co which had 100 acres under cultivation and exported its first 30 bales in July 1862. However, cotton did not fulfil its early expectations and many companies and individual growers lost money.</p><br>
<p>Booval House was auctioned in 1868 under instructions from the liquidators, the Bank of Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The purchaser was William Welsby, a local builder (and father of author Thomas Welsby).</p><br>
<p>The 1868 and 1874 auction notices provide invaluable records of the property at those times.</p><br>
<p>Welsby died suddenly in 1873. The property was auctioned in 1874, and the purchaser was John Ferrett, the former Trustee of Ipswich Cotton Co. Ferrett had opened a coalmine, the Radstock Pit at Woodend in the 1850s and later had an interest in the adjacent Woodend Mine. He also appears to have continued farming to some extent at Booval House.</p><br>
<p>Booval House was advertised for rent in 1884, the reason uncertain. According to Ferrett family records, the Ferrett&#39;s moved to another residence at Brisbane Rd Ipswich, closer to Ipswich Town. After John Ferrett died in 1894, control of the property passed to his nephew Harry who was also involved in coal-mining in the Bundamba area, financing the Borehole Mine. In 1896, architect George Brockwell Gill called tenders for a timber extension to the rear of the house and a new iron roof.</p><br>
<p>Booval House remained in the Ferrett family until 1921 when it was sold to the Catholic Church. After standing empty for several years, it was renovated and reopened in 1930 as St Gabriel&#39;s Convent for the Sisters of Mercy. A convent school was built adjacent to the house.</p><br>
<p>Following termite damage in 1946, the verandahs were altered and brick supporting columns were built. A brick extension containing a chapel and bedrooms was added in 1969. The number of sisters declined in the 1980s and the house was empty for some time, then was sold in September 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Booval House is a two-storey brick building with a steeply-pitched hipped roof clad in corrugated galvanised iron and with a separate skillion roof over the verandahs on three sides. All of the verandahs, both ground level and upper floor, were enclosed with louvres and fibro and aluminium cladding by the Sisters of Mercy. In 1997 when conservation commenced, except for some unusual, original tapered timber columns on the upper level and a few original hidden balusters, all of the original architectural detail has been removed.</p><br>
<p>At ground floor level, the original main core of the house is made up of four rooms, a central hallway and a staircase. Large double bi-parting doors separate two of the main rooms ( original dining and drawing rooms). The hallway leads to an original lavatory box room and cellar. a doorway from the original dining room leads to the original detached kitchen wing and service entry, and subsequent 1896 attached kitchen and rear access. There are three fireplaces, one with marbled paintwork on timber. The chimneys for these fireplaces were been closed up, with all cleaned and two reopened during the conservation.</p><br>
<p>Original skirtings, architraves, French doors and some cornices have survived and are of painted timber in simple design. All of the original ceilings in the ground floor rooms appear to have been replaced, some with vee-jointed tongue and groove boards and the drawing room with art-deco style fibrous plaster. ( See note below re the upper floor ceilings) Where not covered by wall-to-wall vinyl and carpet, it is evident that some of the earlier Hoop Pine floors have been replaced with narrow-width hardwood and the drawing room floor was concreted! A substantial amount of the early glass in the doors and windows has been replaced with figured obscure "arctic" glass probably.</p><br>
<p>During conservation work, the concrete was removed, the sub-floors were excavated ( to enable termite inspections) new galvanised stell stumps were installed and the flooring renewed throughout the ground floor.</p><br>
<p>The internal staircase is of simple design with a low height cedar handrail supported on square painted timber balusters and a turned cedar newel post. The stair is narrow and steep and contains a half landing.</p><br>
<p>There is an original rear wing constructed of brickwork on the mid southern side of the house. The original Box room flooring has been replaced by concrete ( further evidence of previous severe termite damage). There is evidence of original ceiling hooks, and the box room contains an access manhole and a ladder leading down to an underground cellar approximately 5m by 5m in size. The cellar has wall niches for storage and two metal ventilating ducts leading to the outside air. The original outside access had been bricked up by the Convent ( reported by school students to stop children going into the cellar ( or dungeon as they called it).</p><br>
<p>The kitchen wing was added in 1896 and is a single storey hipped-roof timber-frame structure with a large brick fireplace/range at the southern end. Apart from the fireplace, no early fitout survives in this 1896 kitchen or the scullery/laundry immediately to the south.</p><br>
<p>The upper level of the main house contains four main rooms generally consistent with the plan form beneath. There is also a room accessed directly from the half-landing of the stair, and is directly above the Box Room. All of these rooms were further subdivided by the Convent, mainly to create more cells for the Nuns, and this resulted in original timber being sawn to allow new walls or storage.</p><br>
<p>The upstairs rooms have TGVJ ceilings and three bedrooms contain cedar framed fireplaces (all of which were converted to storage by the Convent. The original 1850&#39;s roof was shingles. Over time, the roof developed leaks and the original plaster and lathe ceilings became damaged and were replaced (at different times based on the TGVJ boards). There was not visible termite damage to the top floor ceilings, and only the drawing room ceiling appeared to have termite damage on the found floor. It is not known why the other ground floor ceilings were replaced, but presumably the plaster and lathe was too damaged to repair.</p><br>
<p>In similar fashion to the ground floor, all rooms have French doors opening to the Convent-enclosed verandahs.</p><br>
<p>Throughout the house, the joinery has been painted and the plastered walls are either papered or painted. No early decoration is visible. Most rooms have fluorescent lighting. with electrical wiring laid across the ceilings</p><br>
<p>Verandahs at the lower level have been enclosed with facebrick walls and banks of louvre windows. At the upper level, the undersill has been clad with fibro and weatherboards and windows of obscure coloured glass extend full length above sill height. Some original (but badly damaged by later work for the convent) octagonal tapered timber posts remain visible from the inside and there is a triangular pediment placed centrally on the northern facade. The entrance at ground level is secured by means of a contemporary roller shutter door. Parts of the verandahs have been ceiled with ripple iron fixed to provide a fall to an outer gutter under the leading edge of the upper level verandah.</p><br>
<p>During conservation, the verandah balustrades and verandah posts ( from ground to top floor height) rebuilt, using the remnants as templates. All the verandah enclosures, ground and top floor, were removed.The French doors were rehung as original, opening internally, with replacement shutters installed externally. The convent erected external and rusting fire escape stairs were removed.</p><br>
<p>A substantial two-storey brick chapel has been constructed in 1969 to the east of the main building and is linked to the north-east verandahs at both upper and lower levels. The chapel wing has four upper bedrooms, a chapel and sanctuary and internal staircase. The roof has a 20* pitch, unlike the original house and later new outbuildings. All of the architectural features, form and materials are of 1960s origin.</p><br>
<p>Approved conservation work undertaken 2015/16 resulted in the removal of the top level walkway, such that the original house is now free-standing again. The roof line was altered and includes a 40* pitch, with a very functional verandah added to the northern side of the chapel. All asbestos was removed. The Chapel has been retained, and the top floor accommodation is now open plan ( because of the upper floor changes).</p><br>
<p>Outbuildings included a rudimentary shed and fernery to the southeast of the grounds and a modern carport on the south-western corner. During conservation, this old shed was removed and replaced with an approved garage and garden workroom wing, built quite compatible with the original house.</p><br>
<p>The garden contains some major but all relatively recent trees, most notably cocos palms to the northern garden, mango trees forming a dense screen to the northern adjoining properties and some poinciana and jacaranda trees along the Cothill Road frontage. There was no evidence of any original gardens.</p><br>
<p>During conservation, and with Heritage Council approval, most of the Mango trees were removed- because of the significant public risk associated with the copious mango fruit falling onto public waling areas.</p><br>
<p>The Cothill Road boundary fence line was partly a recent and poorly growing acalypha hedge with some remnant arrow head pickets. As part of the conservation, a new period gate was erected, and later the hedge replaced by a period picket fence. The weldmesh fence to the other frontage ( French Street) was likewise replaced with pickets.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Booval House was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 August 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>It has a strong association with the early cotton-growing industry in Queensland in the 1860s; with two important early entrepreneurs George Faircloth and John Ferrett; and with the work of the Sisters of Mercy since 1930.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Built between 1857 and 1859, Booval House is a rare surviving example of a substantial two-storeyed brick house of the 1850s.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Built between 1857 and 1859, Booval House is a rare surviving example of a substantial two-storeyed brick house of the 1850s.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Although the exterior has been altered, its general form and massing and its surrounding garden exhibit aesthetic characteristics valued by the community.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>It has a strong association with the early cotton-growing industry in Queensland in the 1860s; with two important early entrepreneurs George Faircloth and John Ferrett; and with the work of the Sisters of Mercy since 1930.</p><br>
<p>It is possibly associated with early architect William Wakeling.</p><br>
<p>The Spanish Wall is the deteriorating remnant of Spanish Fort Alphonso XIII in Kolonia, the capital of Pohnpei State in the Federated States of Micronesia. When built, the wall was about 0.5 mi in length and 8 ft in height with a parapet that ranged in height from 2 -. The wall was built by Spanish administrators of Pohnpei in 1887 after a local uprising drove the local Spanish authorities onto a ship in the harbor. Most of the wall was taken down by the German administration that took over in the early 20th century, after the Spanish–American War. The remains of the wall, about 700 ft and two arches, are now part of a local park.</p><br>
<p>The wall was listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places in 1974, a time when Pohnpei was part of the US-administered Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.</p><br>
<p>Zions Hill, also known as the Ralph Owen Brewster House, and now the Brewster Inn, is a historic house at 37 Zions Hill in Dexter, Maine. The house is a 1930s updating of an 1870s structure to a design by John Calvin Stevens and John Howard Stevens, who also designed the landscaping of the 2 acre property. This renovation was done for Ralph Owen Brewster, a prominent Maine politician who served as Governor of Maine and for two terms in the United States Senate, and created one of the major Colonial Revival showcases of interior Maine. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Zions Hill is set prominently on the north side of the same-named road, on the fringe of Dexters central village. The main house is set at the southeast corner of the landscaped property, with a semicircular drive in front. The house is a rambling wood-frame structure with a central mass that is a two-story L shape with a hip roof. In front of this blocks two-bay facade is a deep porte-cochere that extends over the drive. A single-story sun-room occupies the crook of the L, extending further west than the rear leg of the L, where a long veranda extends to the rear. A two-story wing extends to the east, with a single-story conservatory area in front, and a garage and servant&#39;s quarters behind. The interior of the house has restrained woodwork reminiscent of the Federal period, and has retained original wallpaper, light fixtures, and draperies.</p><br>
<p>The structure of the main portion of the house was built in the 1870s by William E. Brewster, and it is in that house tha Ralph Owen Brewster grew up. Brewster, educated at Bowdoin College, entered politics in the 1910s, serving in the state legislature before winning two terms as Governor of Maine 1924-29. In 1929 he purchased his father&#39;s house, and in 1934 retained the noted Portland firm of John Calvin Stevens and his son John Howard Stevens to significantly expand the house into a property suitable for a prominent politician. Brewster served three terms in the United States House of Representatives (1935–41) and then two terms in the Senate (1941–53). The house designed by the Stevenses, although essentially Colonial Revival in style, had to abandon the symmetry typical of that style to accommodate both the asymmetry of the original house, and the needs of the Brewsters for public spaces in which to conduct political business. The Stevenses were also responsible for designing the landscaping of the property, much of which has apparently been preserved despite conversion of the property to a bed and breakfast.</p><br>
<p>Kapıkaya Canyon is a canyon located in Adana Province, southern Turkey.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The canyon is the valley of the Çakıt Creek one of the main tributaries of Seyhan River. Its course is from north to south and the birds flight distance between its two ends is about 5.5 km. The northern end is the Çakıt dam reservoir. The southern end at 37&deg;14&prime;40&Prime;N latitude, 34&deg;58&prime;36&Prime;E longitude is marked by a bridge near Kapıkaya village. The distance to Adana is 72 km. The famous Varda Bridge is situated about 2 km west of the canyon.</p><br>
<h2>Touristic attraction</h2><br>
<p>In the northern end the municipality of Karaisalı has established a picnic area known as Yerköprü.In the southern end, a 2000-meter walking track has been constructed at the east bank of the creek using the funds of the Çukurova Development Agency.</p><br>
<p>Booval War Memorial is a heritage-listed memorial at Green Street, Booval, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1919. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Booval War Memorial was unveiled on the 15 February 1919 by Queensland Governor, Sir Hamilton Goold-Adams. The marble and granite memorial was produced by Ipswich monumental masonry firm, F Williams and Company and honours the 221 local men who served during the First World War. Later plaques honour the 16 who died in the Second World War Plaques commemorating later conflicts have also been added.</p><br>
<p>In 1918, a committee was established to represent the Ipswich suburbs of Booval, Silkstone, Newtown and Raceview. Funds were raised by entertainments and public subscription to erect a war memorial, of which the foundations were laid by a voluntary "working bee". On 27 July 1918, the foundation stone was laid by David Gledson, Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly for Ipswich. The total cost was £499.</p><br>
<p>The land was originally in the private ownership of Harold Foote and later subdivided. In 1914 it was resumed by the Bundamba Shire Council for the purpose of a park reserve and after the amalgamation of Councils it came under the jurisdiction of the Ipswich City Council.</p><br>
<p>Australia, and Queensland in particular, had few civic monuments before the First World War. The memorials erected in its wake became our first national monuments, recording the devastating impact of the war on a young nation. Australia lost 60,000 from a population of about 4 million, representing one in five of those who served. No previous or subsequent war has made such an impact on the nation.</p><br>
<p>Even before the end of the war, memorials became a spontaneous and highly visible expression of national grief. To those who erected them, they were as sacred as grave sites, substitute graves for the Australians whose bodies lay in battlefield cemeteries in Europe and the Middle East. British policy decreed that the Empire war dead were to be buried where they fell. The word "cenotaph", commonly applied to war memorials at the time, literally means "empty tomb".</p><br>
<p>Australian war memorials are distinctive in that they commemorate not only the dead. Australians were proud that their first great national army, unlike other belligerent armies, was composed entirely of volunteers, men worthy of honour whether or not they made the supreme sacrifice. Many memorials honour all who served from a locality, not just the dead, providing valuable evidence of community involvement in the war. Such evidence is not readily obtainable from military records, or from state or national listings, where names are categorised alphabetically or by military unit.</p><br>
<p>Australian war memorials are also valuable evidence of imperial and national loyalties, at the time, not seen as conflicting; the skills of local stonemasons, metalworkers and architects; and of popular taste. In Queensland, the soldier statue was the popular choice of memorial, whereas the obelisk predominated in the southern states, possibly a reflection of Queensland&#39;s larger working-class population and a lesser involvement of architects.</p><br>
<p>Many of the First World War monuments have been updated to record local involvement in later conflicts, and some have fallen victim to unsympathetic re-location and repair.</p><br>
<p>Although there are many different types of memorials in Queensland, the digger statue is the most common. It was the most popular choice of communities responsible for erecting the memorials, embodying the ANZAC Spirit and representing the qualities of the ideal Australian: loyalty, courage, youth, innocence and masculinity. The digger was a phenomenon peculiar to Queensland, perhaps due to the fact that other states had followed Britain&#39;s lead and established Advisory Boards made up of architects and artists, prior to the erection of war memorials. The digger statue was not highly regarded by artists and architects who were involved in the design of relatively few Queensland memorials.</p><br>
<p>Most statues were constructed by local masonry firms, although some were by artists or imported.</p><br>
<p>The Booval memorial was designed and executed by the well known and highly regarded Ipswich monumental masonry firm F Williams and Company. Frank William&#39;s reputation prompted Daphne Mayo to work as an apprentice to him to learn the art of carving. She did this while waiting to begin a travelling scholarship which had been postponed due to the outbreak of the First World War.</p><br>
<p>Daphne Mayo is one of Australia&#39;s best known sculptors, responsible for many significant works such as the pedimental relief on Brisbane City Hall, the friezes and capitals on the Brisbane Tattersalls Club and the bronze doors for the State Library of New South Wales. She was born in England in 1895 and came to Brisbane in her childhood.</p><br>
<p>The statue on the Booval War Memorial is attributed to Mayo as the memorial was constructed during this time and bears a strong resemblance to a model made by her. The statue is of a style repeatedly used by Williams.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The First World War Memorial is situated in a park in Booval facing Green Street. The park is surrounded by a low fence consisting of white painted timber posts linked by a metal chain. Hill&#39;s Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. Hilli) line the boundary of the park. New landscaping is currently under construction and comprises a pathway and planting, symmetrically laid out with the memorial as the focal point. The original fence surrounding the memorial has been removed.</p><br>
<p>Access to the park is through a new timber pergola. This is flanked by two large fig trees which align with two more fig trees at the rear of the park. A new pathway leads from the centre of the pergola to the memorial with a gun or "war trophy" centrally located between the two. The pathway forms a square around the memorial and rejoins at the rear to continue to a rockery and seating. At the rockery, the path branches out diagonally, leading to an exit in one direction and a children&#39;s play area in the other. Newly planted trees line the pathway and a flagpole is located on the north side of the memorial.</p><br>
<p>The memorial stands 22 feet from the ground and comprises a pedestal and column surmounted by a digger statue.</p><br>
<p>The granite and marble memorial sits on a stepped base of Melbourne bluestone which is painted. Surmounting the base is the pedestal, sitting on a marble plinth capped with torus and cyma recta moulding. The central portion of the pedestal is recessed on all faces and bears the leaded names of the 221 local citizens who served in the First World War and the 16 who died in the Second World War. Also projecting from the plinth at the four corners are free standing columns of red granite with Ionic order bases and capitals. These support a large cornice surmounted by marble urns at each corner with a simple curved pediment between.</p><br>
<p>Above the cornice is a column of red granite with an Ionic capital of marble. This is surmounted by a marble digger statue, smaller than life-sized standing at ease with arms reversed and supported by a tree stump. He stands with his feet slightly apart and the rifle rests beside one foot and is held across his body.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Booval War Memorial was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>War Memorials are important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland&#39;s history as they are representative of a recurrent theme that involved most communities throughout the state. They provide evidence of an era of widespread Australian patriotism and nationalism, particularly during and following the First World War.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The monuments manifest a unique documentary record and are demonstrative of popular taste in the inter-war period.</p><br>
<p>Unveiled in 1919, the memorial at Booval demonstrates the principal characteristics of a commemorative structure erected as an enduring record of a major historical event. This is achieved through the use of appropriate materials and design elements. As a digger statue it is representative of the most popular form of memorial in Queensland</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The memorial is of aesthetic significance both as a landmark and for its high level of workmanship, design and materials.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>It has a strong association with the community as evidence of the impact of a major historic event.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>It also has special associations with monumental masonry firm F Williams and Company and Australia&#39;s best known female sculptor of the 1930s, Daphne Mayo.</p><br>
<p>Kyeewa is a heritage-listed villa at 1 York Street, East Ipswich, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. It was built for Ernest Greenway. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built by workers from the Limestone Street monumental masonry works, run by Ernest Greenway. The stone is believed to have come from the Helidon area. Greenway was a great-nephew of the famous convict architect, Francis Howard Greenway. Greenway&#39;s family, from the West Country of England, were reputed for generations as quarrymen, architects, builders and stonemasons. Ernest Greenway married Elizabeth Femister, daughter of a well-known paperhanger and upholster, Alexander Femister, and they lived of "Kyeewa". "Kyeewa" is dated. Records of a 1889 Greenway childbirth give Grey Street as the family address, but the next childbirth in 1891 is recorded with a Limestone Hill, so it seems the family had by this time moved to "Kyeewa".</p><br>
<p>At least until 1986, Ernest Greenway&#39;s son, Gordon, lived at "Kyeewa". He was born in 1894. In keeping with the family tradition, he began a career as an architect, working with noted Ipswich architect, George Brockwell Gill. Greenway continued architectural work with the Brisbane City Council and later with Brisbane firm, Conrad and Gargett. "Kyeewa" originally occupied a larger area of land, including an orchard and stables. The latter were on the site now occupied by a house, second from the corner of York Street and Chermside Road. Family records suggest that the house was not completed in accordance with the original plan, and this is further indicated by the rear of the house being constructed from timber, rather than sandstone. Originally the house contained only two bedrooms, a hallway and a drawing room in the masonry section and a kitchen in the timber framed section.</p><br>
<p>Recent additions to the house include a two story extension on the rear south-east corner of the house in October 1990 and another two storey extension on the rear south-west corner in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>"Kyeewa" is a grand single-storey sandstone residence, with a long ridged hipped corrugated iron roof. It occupies the highest site in the street and is set up well back from the street alignment. It is located opposite another grand residence, "Merton", and there are an unusually high proportion of houses in York Street of architectural and streetscape value. A stepped down, convex roof shades verandahs to three sides of "Kyeewa", with the front verandah facing north. Above the verandah roof are paired brackets to the eaves of the main roof. The house is set less than a metre above the ground and is supported by brick piers. The verandahs are gracefully simple, with no balustrades. The timber support posts have moulded capitals and triangular shaped, cast-iron brackets. The front steps, now of sandstone, are believed to have originally been timber. The walls facing the verandahs are of rusticated sandstone, with smooth quoins and window dressings.</p><br>
<p>Full length, three sided bay windows project onto the verandah either side of the main entry. The rear of the house, not visible from the street, is constructed from timber. The garden features a number of established trees, including a large Moreton Bag fig, a mango tree, jacaranda and frangipani trees, and this contributes significantly to the property&#39;s value.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Kyeewa was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Kyeewa is important in demonstrating the development of Ipswich as a prominent commercial and industrial centre which fostered the construction of grand residences during the late nineteenth century, still evident as part of the city&#39;s suburban growth.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Its scale and siting remain as evidence of a grand colonial dwelling, and the intactness of both the structure and its garden setting, make it a good example of its type.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>It has important aesthetic value as it contributes to the streetscape of York Street which consists of an unusually large number of houses with architectural and streetscape value. In particular Kyeewa&#39;s setting on a large piece of sloping land well back from the street, its mature gardens and decorative fence together with the frontage of the house contribute highly to its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>It has special association with the Greenways as their family home and their history of involvement with architecture and masonry. It also has special association with the work of Ernest Greenway, a well known, monumental stonemason in Ipswich.</p><br>
<p>The Sokehs Mass Grave Site is the location where fifteen participants of the 1910/1911 Sokehs Rebellion on the island of Pohnpei were buried by German colonial authorities. The rebellion broke out in October 1910 on Sokehs Island and was suppressed by German naval forces by early 1911. At a summary trial of 36 Sokehs rebels, 17 were convicted of murder and insurrection, and 15 subsequently executed by firing squad and buried in this mass grave. All members of the Sokehs tribe were then exiled to Babelthuap. The mass grave site is a roughly square area 16 ft on each side, surrounded by a low stone wall. The site is now identified by a memorial marker.</p><br>
<p>The site was listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places in 1976, when Pohnpei was part of the US-administered Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.</p><br>
<p>The Market Square Historic District of Houlton, Maine encompasses that town&#39;s historic late-19th century central business district. Centered on the junction of Market Square, Court Street, Water Street, and Main Street, it includes a relatively cohesive assortment of brick and masonry commercial buildings, designed by architects and built between 1885 and 1910, following the arrival of the Bangor and Aroostook Railroad. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Houlton was one of the first communities settled in southern Aroostook, and is still its most important economic center. The town was incorporated in 1831, but grew very slowly until 1870, when the New Brunswick Railway was extended westward into Maine. In 1893 the Bangor and Aroostook Railroad arrived in Houlton from the west, kicking of a commercial building boom. The downtown area which developed around Market Square was affected by fires in 1884 and 1902, which mainly resulted in the destruction of older wood-frame buildings. The result is a cohesive collection of brick and masonry buildings generally between two and four stories in height, built with a variety of architectural styles popular at the time.</p><br>
<p>The district is centered on the intersection of four roads just east of Pearce Brook, which snakes through the town, and a short way south of Interstate 95, the region&#39;s only highway. Market Square, the western branch of the junction, is a broad open area with parking at its center, lined on the east and west with historical buildings. Notable among these is the First National Bank of Houlton, the only building on the square with a granite facade; it was designed by George M. Coombs and built in 1907. Three of the eight buildings on the square were designed by Wilfred E. Mansur of Bangor, although they are each in different styles. Three buildings line the west side of Court Street just south of the intersection, and three more are north of the junction on Water Street, including the Romanesque Revival Post Office and Custom House. Main Street east of the junction is lined on both sides with historic buildings to Broadway and Powers Street, including several more designed by Mansur and Coombs. These include the Mansur-designed fire station, and the Colonial Revival Elks Lodge, which anchors the eastern end of the district.</p><br>
<p>The Johnson Barn is a historic barn in rural Washington County, Arkansas, southwest of the city of Fayetteville. It is located in an agricultural area north of County Road 202 and west of Arkansas Highway 265 . The barn was designed by Benjamin F. Johnson III, who had studied landscape architecture at Harvard University, and was designed after studying barns throughout the region to accumulate best practices in barn design into a single structure. The barn was built in 1933 and used by the family until the 1970s. Notable features include its comparatively large size, hinged loft doors, separate cattle entrances, truss-supported roof, and lack of interior supports.</p><br>
<p>The barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Japanese Elementary School for Ponapean Children is a historic school building in Kolonia, the capital of Pohnpei State in the Federated States of Micronesia. The surviving building is one of two reinforced concrete buildings, constructed c. 1920-21 by the Japanese authorities of the South Pacific Mandate, which included the island of Pohnpei, then known as "Ponape". These buildings were the sole educational facility on the island for native children, those of Japanese dependents attending a separate, segregated facility. They were heavily damaged by bombing during World War II, with one of them being demolished and the other restored for use as part of the island&#39;s hospital.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places, when Pohnpei was part of the US-administered Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.</p><br>
<p>The Upper Dallas School is a historic former school building in, and the present town hall for, Dallas Plantation, Maine. Located on Dallas Mountain Road, it is the best-preserved of two surviving district schoolhouses built by the small community, and has apparently served as town hall since its construction . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Upper Dallas School is set on the north side of Dallas Mountain Road, adjacent to a large public works building opposite its junction with Herrick Farm Road. It is a single-story wood frame structure, with a front-gable roof, clapboard siding, and a rubblestone foundation. The front facade is symmetrically arranged, with two widely-spaced entrances and a central sash window, framed by simple trim with modest entablatures. The building has thin cornerboards, and the front-facing gable has cornice with simple returns. A small ell extends the building to the rear. The west elevation has a single window, while the east side has eight. The interior features a pair of narrow vestibules opening into a large chamber, which has a raised platform (presumably for a teacher&#39;s desk) in the space between the vestibules. The vestibules and main chamber both feature pressed tin ceilings. The ell houses a storage space for town records, and for pit toilets at the rear.</p><br>
<p>Town records are sketchy as to when this particular building was built. Dallas Plantation was organized in 1845, and an 1861 map shows a school building standing at or near this site. However, the parcel of land on which this building stands was purchased by the town in 1888, and the building is stylistically of a later 19th-century period. The town also built a second school in 1895 (known as the "Lower Dallas School"), which has been converted into a residence. The exact period for which it was used as a school is unknown; local lore maintains that it has been used continuously since its construction for town meetings (notwithstanding a 1939 WPA history claiming its use for that purpose ended in 1929). It is one of the small community&#39;s only surviving 19th-century buildings.</p><br>
<p>Shore Acres is a historic former summer hotel at 791 Lamoine Beach Road in Lamoine, Maine. With a possible construction history dating to about 1800, it is one of the coastal community&#39;s oldest buildings, and is the only surviving 19th-century hostelry in the town. Extensively altered in 1887 and operated as an inn between 1887 and 1942 as the Des Isles Inn, it is now a summer rental property, located within walking distance of Lamoine Beach State Park. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Shore Acres is set on the south side of Lamoine Beach Road, near its eastern end in the southern part of the town, between the Lamoine Beach State Park campground and beach parking area. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame building that now has relatively vernacular styling. It has a side-gable roof which has a projecting section at the western (right) end, wooden clapboard siding, and an open hip-roofed porch extending across its front (north-facing) facade. Shed-roof additions (both enclosed porches) span the eastern and southern sides. The entry connecting this rear porch to the main house has a projecting vestibule area with Greek Revival styling, suggesting it may once have been the main entrance. The interior reflects late 19th-century tastes, but includes some Federal period trim and wainscoting in the downstairs parlor. There is architectural evidence suggesting that house once had a large central chimney, although there is no evidence for the foundation of one in the partial basement.</p><br>
<p>The property has had a somewhat complex construction history. In 1796 Louis des Parres des Isles, secretary to a wealthy French landowner in the town, married Mary Googin, and is said to have built a house on this property soon afterward. It is unclear whether that house is this one with substantial alterations, or whether a new structure was built in 1887, when this building reached its approximate current shape. It was the communitys only hotel during the 1880s, operated by des Isles son William. By the early 20th century the building had been doubled in size, with historic photos showing large additions that had been removed by the 1930s. It may have acquired the name "Shore Acres" due to the popularity of a play written by James A. Herne, who summered at the nearby (and no longer extant) Gault House hotel prior to the 1893 publication of the play.</p><br>
<p>27 Crocus Place, also known as the J.M. Carlson House, was a 1902 Queen Anne style timber-frame house in Saint Paul in the USA state of Minnesota. It was a contributing property to the Historic Hill District.</p><br>
<p>It was the home of Minnesota Governor Joseph A. A. Burnquist where he wrote several works in the series "Minnesota and its People" during the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>Despite historic preservation efforts by the city and neighbors, a court approved its demolition in 2015. The final owners of the house, Fred and Renee Pritzker, had it demolished to build a new residence for their adult son, who has Angelman syndrome. In the settlement with the city, they were required to document the historic structure before it was destroyed.</p><br>
<p>Syedra  was an ancient port city in the Pamphylia region on the southern coast of modern-day Turkey between the towns of Alanya and Gazipaşa. Syedra was settled in the 7th century BCE, and abandoned in the 13th century CE. The town had a port at sea level and an upper town 400m above.</p><br>
<p>The Roman historians Lucan and Florus both mention Syedra as where the Roman General Pompey held his last war council in 48 BCE, before his fatal voyage to Egypt.</p><br>
<p>Coins were minted in Syedra during various time periods going back to that of Roman Emperor Tiberius (r. 14 CE–37 CE). In 374 CE, the early Christian theologian Epiphanius of Salamis wrote his work Ancoratus (the well anchored man) as a reply letter to the Church at Syedra, describing it as needing to be anchored in a safe harbor.</p><br>
<p>Modern excavations began in 1994 under the Directorate of the Alanya Museum, and have excavated the main street in the upper town, as well as a cave decorated with Christian imagery likely used for baptisms. A mosaic found is now on display in the Alanya Museum. Other structures include a temple, a theater, shops, bathhouse, town walls, and several cisterns that provided water to the city. In 2011, archeologist excavating underwater dated relics of a port at Syedra to the Bronze Age, around 5,000 years ago.</p><br>
<p>The Nathan C. Ricker House is a historic house located at 612 West Green Street in Urbana, Illinois. Architect Nathan Clifford Ricker designed the house for himself in 1892; he lived there until his death in 1924. Ricker was a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and he established the universitys architecture program; he also designed several of the schools buildings. His house, a two-story Queen Anne structure, was his only residential design. The house has an asymmetrical plan with a multi-component roof, projecting bays, and a front porch along the entire west side. Wood shingles decorate the house&#39;s exterior, and decorative posts, railings, and a frieze adorn the porch.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 21, 2000.</p><br>
<p>Louise Freer Hall, also known as the Womens Gymnasium, is a historic building on the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Built in 1930, it was the last of the universitys buildings designed by Charles A. Platt, who was responsible for the universitys overall plan. Like most of Platts designs for the university, the building has a Georgian Revival plan. The gymnasium originally provided expanded facilities for the womens physical education department, which had outgrown its space in the Womans Building. The new gymnasiums facilities included two general-purpose spaces, several specialized facilities, and a physical education laboratory. Louise Freer, the womens physical education director for whom the building was later renamed, added a lounge area in 1932 to provide a social space in the building. The building is still used as a gymnasium and hosts intramural sporting events and physical education classes.</p><br>
<p>Freer Hall has served as the home venue for the Illinois Fighting Illini women&#39;s swimming and diving team.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 5, 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Busey-Evans Residence Halls, historically known as the Womens Residence Hall and the West Residence Hall respectively, are historic dormitories at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Busey Hall was built in 1916, while Evans Hall was built in 1926; a connector wing links the two buildings, and they are considered part of the same dormitory complex. James A. White designed Busey Hall, while Charles A. Platt designed Evans Hall; both architects played an important role in designing other buildings on the universitys campus, and both chose the Georgian Revival style for their designs to match the campuss architectural theme. The Womens Residence Hall was the first residence hall on the universitys campus; the all-female dormitory filled a need for womens housing at the university, which had been privately maintained and in short supply. The hall quickly filled up, and the West Residence Hall was built to provide additional space for female students. In 1937, the buildings were renamed for university trustees Mary E. Busey and Laura B. Evans. The residence halls are still in use as all-female student housing.</p><br>
<p>The residence halls were added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 5, 2003.</p><br>
<p>Garowie is a heritage-listed villa at 59 Whitehill Road, Eastern Heights, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by architect Samuel Shenton and built by Robert Wilson and Co. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Garowie, a grand two-storey residence, was one of several mansions built on the Limestone Hill ridge. It was built by Mesrs Robt. Wilson and Co for James Clarke Cribb, the son of Benjamin Cribb who founded the Cribb and Foote business, and his wife Alice née Browne. The house was designed by Ipswich builder and architect, Samuel Shenton, and was completed in 1888. It is said to have been modelled on the Denmark Hill home of Benjamin Cribb, Gooloowan.</p><br>
<p>The architect Samuel Shenton, arrived in Ipswich in March 1851 and began work as a carpenter and building contractor. Among his early contracts were Dr Challinor&#39;s house and shop in Brisbane Street and fitting out the first Presbyterian Church (1853). Shenton made some significant improvements to central Ipswich in the 1860s with the School of Arts and the Lands Office. During this time he was preparing plans, specifications and quantities and in 1879 his contracting business was taken over by Worley and Whitehead. Shenton practised as an architect from 1879 until 1889 when his practice was taken over by employee George Brockwell Gill. Shenton subsequently became heavily involved in community and business ventures as well as local politics. He was an alderman for many years and the Mayor of Ipswich from 1871-1872 and 1889. He died in Ipswich on 3 July 1893. Some of his other more notable and extant works are the Central Congregational Church Manse (1882–83) in Quarry Street, and Faerieknowe (Fairy Knoll) for E.W. Hargraves.</p><br>
<p>James Cribb served the family company until 1904, when he was elected to the Bundamba Shire Council. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly for Rosewood and Bundamba (which later became the seat of Bremer), serving a total of 19 years as a state parliamentarian. Cribb was also a member of the board of the Ipswich Hospital, a director of the Ipswich Gas and Coke Company and the Queensland Woollen Mills, a trustee of the Ipswich and superintendent of the Congregational Sunday School.</p><br>
<p>After James Cribb died in May 1926, his brother Harry bought the house. Harry Cribb was a state level champion tennis player. Garowie once had a tennis court in the grounds on the southern side of the house which was converted into a bowling green during the mid 1920s. This portion of the grounds as well as the portion to the north of the house were subdivided and separate residences were built. The original fence was replaced by a stone masonry fence at around this time. Henry Cribb died in July 1944, and the house was sold to K V Mc Donnell. During World War II the house had been converted into flats.</p><br>
<p>In 1970 the house was bought by Dr and Mrs J Thomas, who began restoring it.</p><br>
<p>In the 1980s the home was bought by Edwin & Loretta Stoyle where they raised their four children.</p><br>
<p>In December 2003, the home was bought by the Frank family. On arrival, the property had been stripped of all floor coverings, drapes and all lighting lighting—only light bulbs remained. Since purchase, the property has been extensively restored including underpinning, all verandahs replaced, complete replacement of the back wall which had been eaten-out by white ants, gutters replaced, all new antique 1800’s lights/chandeliers installed, painted, cedar restored, and grounds landscaped.</p><br>
<p>The residence was originally brick, and was rendered after 1919. The billiard room, on the southern side, has been relocated. The original fretwork on the front portico is missing, the current fretwork being copied from another residence, Lakemba, at 14 Chelmsford Avenue, Ipswich.</p><br>
<p>The name Garowie is supposedly an Aboriginal word for Fig Tree Camp.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house is situated on the western side of Whitehill Road with an easterly frontage to the street. The house has a cement rendered, brick core, which is surrounded by verandahs at both levels. The lower level verandah features paired support columns and has no balustrades. A scalloped fringe of timber battens extends between the support columns, just beneath the upper levels balustrades. At the upper level, the paired supports are spanned by intricate, cast iron lace balustrading. The house has a corrugated iron hipped roof with stepped down and slightly convex roofing over its upper level verandah. Its entry, facing east, is defined by a central gabled portico, with a fretwork pediment. A decorative, masonry fence and mature plantings, many along the propertys front boundary, screen the house.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Garowie was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Garowie is important in demonstrating the pattern of affluent residential development in Ipswich in the latter nineteenth century by influential members of the local community made successful by the strength of Ipswich&#39;s industry and commerce.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Garowie is also a good example of a late Victorian Queensland mansion with evidence of its extensive original grounds marked out by the masonry fence line along the frontage of Whitehill Road.</p><br>
<p>The house has special association as an example of the work of Ipswich builder and architect Samuel Shenton, who was one of the earliest prominent architects in Ipswich.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Garowie is a striking grand residence with important streetscape value particularly for its established gardens and decorative two-storey facade with iron-lace balustrading and scalloped timber battens and gabled portico. Its prominent position and scale make it a city landmark.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>It has special association with the Cribb family, built as their family home, in particular its first owner James Clarke Cribb, who served in local and state government. The Cribbs have been a prominent family in Ipswich since its early settlement involved in business, politics and education in the city and in Queensland. They are most notable for the long running department store, Cribb & Foote.</p><br>
